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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kallio, Eva", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Mappes, Tapio", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Scholier, Tiffany", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Knuutila, Sonja", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-06-22T06:47:09Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-06-22T06:47:09Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/81944", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kaupungistuminen tapahtuu kiihtyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 vauhdilla koko maailmassa, samaten ihmisten ja villiel\u00e4inten kohtaamiset lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t lis\u00e4ten ihmisten riski\u00e4 saada el\u00e4inv\u00e4litteinen taudinaiheuttaja ja siten sairaus el\u00e4inkontaktin v\u00e4lityksell\u00e4. Kaupunkien lajiyhteis\u00f6j\u00e4 dominoivat lajit ovat yleens\u00e4 niit\u00e4, jotka toimivat is\u00e4ntin\u00e4 zoonoosipatogeeneille. Esimerkiksi mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4 (Myodes glareolus), joka on yksi Suomen yleisimmist\u00e4 nis\u00e4kk\u00e4ist\u00e4, levitt\u00e4\u00e4 tauteja ihmisiin (esim. myyr\u00e4kuume) tai osallistuu patogeenien normaaliin kiertokulkuun luonnossa (borrelioosia aiheuttava Borrelia afzelii-bakteeri). Eroista B. afzeliin esiintymisess\u00e4 kaupunki \u2013 ja mets\u00e4alueiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n, samaten kuten B. afzelii-infektion vaikutuksesta mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymiskuntoon. Pro gradu-tutkimukseni tavoitteena on tuoda lis\u00e4tietoa B. afzeliin ja ulkoloistartuntojen levinneisyydest\u00e4 mets\u00e4myyriss\u00e4 kaupunki- ja maaseutualueilla. Tutkimuksessani selvit\u00e4n, eroaako mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4n todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys saada B. afzelii-bakteeri tai ulkoloistartunta kaupunki- ja maaseutuymp\u00e4rist\u00f6iss\u00e4 ja vaikuttaako mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4n B. afzelii- infektio tai ulkoloistartunta naaraan lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymistodenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyteen tai -panostukseen. Tutkimuksessani k\u00e4ytin mets\u00e4myyri\u00e4, jotka pyydettiin joko Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n kaupunkialueiden metsist\u00e4, tai l\u00e4himaaseutualueiden metsist\u00e4. Todensin mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4n patogeeni-infektion korvapaloista eristetyst\u00e4 DNA:sta reaaliaikaisella PCR-analyysill\u00e4. Kaikki havaitut B. afzelii infektiot olivat kaupunkialueilta pyydetyiss\u00e4 mets\u00e4myyriss\u00e4. Puutiais- ja korvapunkkitartuntoja oli enemm\u00e4n kaupunkialueilla kuin maaseudulla, kirpputartunnoissa ei ollut merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 eroa alueiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Vanhalla mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4ll\u00e4 infektio on todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isempi kuin nuorella, sek\u00e4 uroksilla on isompi infektiotodenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys kuin naarailla tai jos yksil\u00f6ll\u00e4 on puutiaisia. B. afzelii -infektio ei vaikuttanut naaraan lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymistodenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyteen tai -panostukseen. B. afzelii infektioiden esiintyvyys jyrsij\u00e4is\u00e4nnill\u00e4 on korkeampi Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n kaupunkialueilla kuin mets\u00e4alueilla, joten ihmisill\u00e4kin on todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti suurempi riski saada borrelioosi kaupunkialueilla kuin mets\u00e4alueilla.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Urbanization is increasing globally and so are contacts between people and wildlife in urban areas. As urban wildlife communities are often dominated by species that are reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, such as rodents, people might become exposed to zoonotic pathogens. For instance, one of the most common rodent species in Finland is the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), which is a reservoir host of many zoonotic pathogens such as tick-borne pathogen Borrelia afzelii, one of the causative agents of Lyme disease. Relatively little is known about how the pathogen infections and vector infestations differ between urban and rural areas and how the infection and infestations affect bank vole fitness in these environments. My master\u2019s thesis studies a potential difference in the probability of being infected with B. afzelii or ectoparasite infestations between urban and rural bank voles. Additionally, I also investigate the link between B. afzelii -infections and/or ectoparasite infestations and the female bank voles\u2019 fecundity and their offspring body condition. The bank voles in this study originated from the urban and rural forests in and around the city of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. Ear biopsies were taken from the captured voles, and I extracted DNA from the samples. I did real-time PCR assay using the extracted DNA to detect if the vole was B. afzelii infected. I found that all B. afzelii infected bank voles were captured from urban forests, while all rural bank voles were free from the infection. Tick and ear mite prevalences were higher in urban bank voles than rural bank voles. Flea prevalences did not differ significantly between the areas. The chance to have an B. afzelii infection was higher in older voles and in males. An infection with B. afzelii did not affect the probability of breeding, the reproductive effort or post-partum body condition of female bank voles. Thus, it is unlikely that B. afzelii affects the fecundity of female bank voles. In conclusion, B. afzelii infection was only detected in urban rodent hosts which suggests that urban ticks carry the pathogen more frequently and humans are also more likely to develop Lyme disease after a tick bite in the city in comparison to forests outside of urban areas.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2022-06-22T06:47:08Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-22T06:47:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "62", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Ixodes ricinus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Ixodes trianguliceps", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "zoonotic pathogens", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The differences in Borrelia afzelii infections and ectoparasitic infestations between urban and rural bank voles (Myodes glareolus)", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202206223550", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "zoonoosit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kaupungistuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4myyr\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "zoonoses", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "urbanisation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "Clethrionomys glareolus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/kokoelmat/arkistotyoasema..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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