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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Valtonen, Maarit", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Laatikainen-Raussi, Vesa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-06-15T12:14:51Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-06-15T12:14:51Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/81759", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "COVID-19 pandemia asetti uudenlaisia haasteita ymp\u00e4ri maailmaa. Tieto uudesta taudista, COVID-19-infektiosta ja sit\u00e4 aiheuttavasta viruksesta, SARS-CoV-2:sta, oli aluksi niukkaa. Pandemia onkin saanut ihmiset ja organisaatiot pohtimaan uudelleen hygieniak\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6j\u00e4 ja -ohjeistuksia ehk\u00e4ist\u00e4kseen hengitystieinfektioita. Hengitysteiden akuutit sairaudet ovat haaste kilpaurheilijoille. Jo ennen koronapandemiaa urheilijoille on ollut ohjeistuksia tartuntatautien v\u00e4ltt\u00e4miseksi ja urheiluun palaamiseksi taudin j\u00e4lkeen. Pandemia on kuitenkin vauhdittanut t\u00e4t\u00e4 ty\u00f6t\u00e4 merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti. T\u00e4m\u00e4n opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n tarkoituksena on lis\u00e4t\u00e4 ymm\u00e4r-ryst\u00e4 urheilijan hengitysteiden virusinfektioista ja kuvata COVID-19-infektion sairastaneiden maastohiiht\u00e4jien taudinkuvaa, vasta-ainemuodostusta ja paluuta harjoitteluun. \r\n\r\nOpinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6ss\u00e4 tutkittiin 15:t\u00e4 maastohiiht\u00e4j\u00e4\u00e4, jotka sairastivat COVID-19-infektion vuoden 2020 kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4. Maastohiiht\u00e4j\u00e4t haastateltiin kahdesti: kaksi ja 13 kuukautta ensimm\u00e4isten oireiden ilmaannuttua. Oireet, kuvaus harjoittelusta ja subjektiivinen arvio suorituskyvyst\u00e4 selvitettiin haastatteluin. Urheilijoilta ker\u00e4ttiin lis\u00e4ksi verin\u00e4ytteet kolme ja 14,5 kk oireiden alkamisesta. Verin\u00e4ytteiden seerumista analysoitiin vasta-aineiden pitoisuudet SARS-CoV-2 pintaproteiinille (N) ja piikkiproteiineille (RBD ja SFL). Lis\u00e4ksi seerumeista analysoitiin neutraloivia vasta-aineita villityypin virusta vastaan.\r\n\r\nKaikki tutkittavina olleet urheilijat sairastivat taudin liev\u00e4n\u00e4, eik\u00e4 yksik\u00e4\u00e4n tarvinnut sairaalahoitoa. Yleisimm\u00e4t oireet olivat, haju- tai makuaistin muutokset, poikkeava v\u00e4symys, lihass\u00e4rky, vuotava tai tukkoinen nen\u00e4, kuume ja p\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4rky. Oireet kestiv\u00e4t keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 10 p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4, oireiden keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen voimakkuus oli 1,6 asteikolla yhdest\u00e4 kolmeen, oireita oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin viitt\u00e4 erilaista ja paluu harjoitteluun tapahtui keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin yhdeks\u00e4ss\u00e4 p\u00e4iv\u00e4ss\u00e4. Kaikki urheilijat kehittiv\u00e4t positiivisen vasta-ainevasteen. IgG tyypin vasta-aineet viruksen pinta- ja piikkiproteiineja vastaan ylittiv\u00e4t kaikilla urheilijoilla positiivisuuden rajan kolmen kuukauden verin\u00e4ytteiss\u00e4. Samoista n\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 analysoidut, neutraloivien vasta-aineiden pitoisuudet ylittiv\u00e4t positiivisuuden raja-arvon 87 %:lla urheilijoista.\r\n\r\nOpinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n tulokset tukevat aiempaa tietoa urheilijoiden p\u00e4\u00e4osin liev\u00e4st\u00e4 COVID-19 taudinkuvasta ja onnistuneesta paluusta harjoitteluun ja kilpailemiseen. Urheilijat kehitt\u00e4v\u00e4t mitattavan ja positiivisen vasta-ainevasteen COVID-19-infektiota vastaan ja urheilijan rokotevaste vaikuttaa olevan normaali. T\u00e4m\u00e4n opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n otoskoko oli pieni ja sis\u00e4lsi vain yhden lajin urheilijoita, joten tuloksia on syyt\u00e4 tulkita suuntaa antavina. Tulevaisuudessa tulee pyrki\u00e4 kehitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n tutkittuun tietoon perustuvia ohjeistuksia harjoitteluun palaamises-ta virusinfektioiden j\u00e4lkeen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The COVID-19 pandemic set the whole world in front of a relatively new situation. Knowledge of the new infection, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was sparse and people in every industry started to rethink their habits and guidelines. Acute respiratory illnesses and infections are a major burden to competitive ath-letes and some guidelines considering avoiding infections and return to sport already exist. However, proper scientific based guidelines were and are still missing, especially consider-ing return to sport. The purpose of this thesis was to enhance the understanding of respirato-ry viral infections in athletes and to describe the nature COVID-19 in a cohort of Finnish cross-country skiers.\r\n\r\n15 cross-country skiers who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in spring 2020, were inter-viewed two months and 13 months after symptoms onset. Symptoms, training status and subjective evaluation of performance were asked in the interviews. Blood samples were col-lected three months and 14.5 months after symptoms onset. Samples were analysed for anti-bodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) and spike glycoproteins RBD (spike recep-tor-binding domain) and SFL (full-length spike protein) IgG concentration, and neutralizing antibody titres against the wildtype virus.\r\n\r\nAll athletes had mild symptoms and none of the athletes required hospital care. The most common symptoms were alterations in sense of taste and/or sense of smell, abnormal fa-tigue, muscle soreness, runny nose or nasal congestion, fever and headache. Mean symptom duration was 10 days, symptom severity on scale one to three was 1.6, number of symptoms 5 and mean days to return to training happened 9 days from the symptom\u2019s onset. All ath-letes developed measurable positive antibody responses. In serum samples collected three months after the infection, all athletes had values over the line of positivity in IgG anti-N, IgG anti-RBD and IgG anti-SFL. At the same time 13 out of 15 athletes microneutralization test (MNT) titre was positive.\r\n\r\nFinding in this thesis supports the previous knowledge that athletes experience mostly mild COVID-19 and can successfully return to training and competitions. Athletes develop meas-urable antibody response and vaccination seems to strengthen the response after natural COVID-19 infection. The cohort of this thesis was small, including only one sport discipline and interpretation of these results should be made with caution. Guidelines to return to train-ing still varies after a few years of the COVID-19 pandemic and thus, more information and updated guidelines are required to ensure athletes safe return to play regarding not only COVID-19 infection but also of other viral respiratory infections.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2022-06-15T12:14:51Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-15T12:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\r\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "59", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maastohiihto", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "COVID-19 symptoms and antibody formation in competitive cross-country skiers", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202206153368", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntafysiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Exercise Physiology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", 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"virukset", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hiihto", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "SARS-CoV-2 virus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "COVID-19", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "antibodies", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "athletes", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "infections", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "respiratory tract diseases", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", 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