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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "R\u00f6nkk\u00f6, Mikko", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "N\u00e9methov\u00e1, Krist\u00edna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-06-06T06:47:40Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-06-06T06:47:40Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/81473", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Maahanmuuttajayritt\u00e4jien perustamat yritykset ovat todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isempi\u00e4 ep\u00e4onnistumaan, koska ne ovat ep\u00e4edullisessa asemassa syntyper\u00e4isten perustamiin yrityksiin n\u00e4hden. Kuten monikansalliset organisaatiot operoidessaan ulkomailla, maahanmuuttajayritt\u00e4j\u00e4t k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4t ulkomaalaisuuden haitoista ja v\u00e4litt\u00e4v\u00e4t sit\u00e4 eteenp\u00e4in yritykselleen heikent\u00e4en sen selviytymismahdollisuuksia merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti. Aiemmat tutkimukset Suomessa tarkastelivat tarpeen ajamia yritt\u00e4ji\u00e4 keskittyen kulttuuriseen ja etniseen puoleen, joten on tarvetta tutkimukselle, joka keskittyy tilaisuuden johdosta yrityksen perustaneisiin maahanmuuttajiin. Vaikka Suomi n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n maana, joka on kannustava innovatiivisille yrityksille ja joka pyrkii vet\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n puoleensa kansainv\u00e4list\u00e4 osaamista, maahanmuuttajayritt\u00e4j\u00e4t kohtaavat silti esteit\u00e4 aloittaessaan ja yrityksi\u00e4\u00e4n ja monet niist\u00e4 ep\u00e4onnistuvat ennen merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 kasvua.\nK\u00e4ytt\u00e4en laadullista monitapaustutkimusmenetelm\u00e4\u00e4 ja pit\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 ep\u00e4muodollisia teemahaastatteluja t\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkielma tarkastelee 15:n maahanmuuttajayritt\u00e4j\u00e4n (4 opiskelijaa, 11 kokenutta ammattilaista) matkaa eri toimialoilla eri puolilla Suomea, pyrkien ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n taustalla olevat syyt, jotka johtivat yritysten ep\u00e4onnistumiseen aikaisessa vaiheessa. P\u00e4\u00e4tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 nimenomaan ulkomaalaistaustan aiheuttamat haitat ja tunnistaa niiden rooli ja laajuus n\u00e4iss\u00e4 liiketoiminnan ep\u00e4onnistumisissa ja keksi\u00e4 toimintasuunnitelmia haittojen minimoimiseksi. Tulkinnallisen menetelm\u00e4n avulla aihekohtaista analyysi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin materiaalin analysointiin ja johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6sten saavuttamiseksi.\nUlkomaalaisuuden haittoja tunnistettiin (1) maahanmuuttajan perehtym\u00e4tt\u00f6myydess\u00e4 Suomen olosuhteisiin, (2) Suomen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4miss\u00e4 rajoitteissa maahanmuuttajayritt\u00e4jille liittyen ep\u00e4legitiimiyteen, (3) Instituutionaalisessa et\u00e4isyydess\u00e4 maahanmuuttajan kotimaan ja Suomen v\u00e4lill\u00e4, (4) kulttuurisen integraation puutteessa ja (5) riitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4ss\u00e4 suomen kielen taidossa. Tulokset n\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t, ett\u00e4 ulkomaalaisuuden haittoja oli l\u00e4sn\u00e4 tilaisuuden tunnistamisessa ja liiketoimintamallin suunnittelussa, paikalliseen liiketoiminta- informaatioon ja -tuntemukseen k\u00e4siksi p\u00e4\u00e4semisess\u00e4, asiantuntemuksen ja kalliiden paikallisten palveluiden puutteessa sek\u00e4 sosiaalisen p\u00e4\u00e4oman saamisessa. Syntyper\u00e4isten suomalaisten avoimuuden ja luottamuksen puute vaikutti suoraan taloudelliseen p\u00e4\u00e4omaan k\u00e4siksi p\u00e4\u00e4syyn, suhteiden luomiseen paikallisten asiakkaiden, toimittajien, myyjien ja rahoittajien kanssa, johdon sis\u00e4iseen kommunikaatioon sek\u00e4 br\u00e4ndin maineen rakentamiseen, mik\u00e4 johti yritt\u00e4j\u00e4n motivaation menetykseen. Parhaiksi tavoiksi v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 ulkomaalaisuuden haittoja nousivat aiempi ty\u00f6markkinakokemus Suomessa, yrityksen perustaminen yhdess\u00e4 suomalaisen kanssa tai paikallisen edustajan palkkaaminen yritykselle.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Businesses founded by immigrant entrepreneurs show higher failure rate as they are at\nan exclusive disadvantage relative to native-founded businesses in several aspects. Just as multinational organizations operating abroad, immigrant founders suffer from liability of foreignness (LOF) and consequently pass it on to the businesses they are establishing, which significantly decreases the chances for its survival.\nPrevious research within the Finnish context studied necessity entrepreneurs with a specific focus on the cultural or ethnic aspect and therefore has been calling for investigation of opportunity-driven entrepreneurs. While Finnish government is seen to be supportive to all innovative, early-stage companies, aiming to attract international talent, immigrant entrepreneurs in Finland still face serious barriers when launching and growing their businesses with many of them failing before reaching substantial growth.\nBy employing qualitative multiple case study method and informal, semi-structured interviews, the study explores an entrepreneurial journey of 15 opportunity-driven immigrant entrepreneurs (4 students, 11 skilled professionals) from different regions and industries in Finland with the aim to understand the underlying factors that led to their failure in the early stages of their business. The main objective was to explicitly recognize the disadvantages caused by the aspect of foreignness, identify their role and extent in these failures and to come up with strategies how to minimize their effect. Through an interpretive approach, thematic analysis was used to analyze and interpret the data.\nThe sources of LOF were identified in (1) immigrant \u2018s unfamiliarity with Finland\u2019s environment, (2) constraints imposed by Finland on immigrant founders due to lack of legitimacy, (3) institutional distance between immigrant\u2019s home country and Finland, (4) lack of cultural integration, and (5) insufficient Finnish language skills. The results showed that in terms of immigrant\u2019s background, LOF was present in the process of opportunity recognition and business model design, accessing local business information and knowledge, lack of expertise and local expensive professional services, and accessing social capital. Lack of openness and trust of Finnish native population directly affected access to financial capital, building relationships with local customers, suppliers, vendors, and investors, communication within the leadership, and building brand reputation, which resulted in founders\u2019 overall lost motivation. The most effective ways of reducing the effect of LOF was shown to be having prior labor market experience in Finland, starting the business with a Finnish co-founder, or hiring a local representative of the company.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2022-06-06T06:47:40Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-06T06:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "118", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Immigrant entrepreneurship", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Entrepreneurial Failure", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Liability of Foreignness", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Maahanmuuttajayritt\u00e4jyys", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Liiketoiminnan ep\u00e4onnistuminen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Early-Stage Business Failures of Opportunity-Driven Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Finland: The Role of Liability of Foreignness", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202206063090", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Yritt\u00e4jyys", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Entrepreneurship", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "20422", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "yritt\u00e4jyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "maahanmuuttajat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "yritt\u00e4j\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "yritykset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "entrepreneurship", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "migrants", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "entrepreneurs", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "enterprises", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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