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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Merisalo, Outi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Pietinhuhta-Toikka, Aulikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-05-12T06:57:08Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-05-12T06:57:08Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/81030", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Klassisen retoriikan historian alku ulottuu kreikkalaisten kaupunkivaltioiden demokratian kehittymiseen 400-luvulla eKr. Protagoraan, Gorgiaan ja Isokrateen kautta Aristoteleeseen (384-323 eKr.), joka kehitti systemaattisen retoriikan opiskelun ja tutkimisen. Cicero (106-43 eKr.) esitteli hyv\u00e4n puhujan ominaisuudet, oli itse loistava esimerkki ja julkaisi mittavan tuotannon. Quintilianuksen (n. 30/40-96 jKr.) Institutio oratoria esittelee aikansa t\u00e4ydellisimm\u00e4n analyysin retoriikasta. Grammaatikko P. Fontanier (1765-1844) luokitteli klassisen retoriikan pohjalta 1800-luvun alussa metaforat. Tutkimusta ovat ansiokkaasti jatkaneet mm. R. Jakobson (1950-l.), C. Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1980-l.) ja Ir\u00e8ne Tamba (1980-luvulta eteenp\u00e4in). T\u00e4m\u00e4nhetkist\u00e4 metaforatutkimusta tekee mm. Metaphor Lab Amsterdam. Ranskalais-mauritiuslaisen mm. Nobel-palkinnolla palkitun kirjailijan J.M.G. Le Cl\u00e9zion (1940- ) novellin 'Mondo', novellikokoelmasta Mondo et autres histoires, 108 metaforaa muodostavat tutkimuksen korpuksen. Metaforat on analysoitu Fontanier'n teorian pohjalta, joka luokittelee metaforat viiteen luokkaan: 1. Metafora (so. kielikuva) elollisesta asiasta, johon siirryt\u00e4\u00e4n toisesta elollisesta asiasta. 2. Metafora elottomasta, mutta fyysisest\u00e4 asiasta, johon siirryt\u00e4\u00e4n elottomasta, usein abstraktista, asiasta. 3. Metafora elottomasta asiasta, johon siirryt\u00e4\u00e4n elollisesta asiasta. 4. Fyysinen metafora elollisesta asiasta, johon siirryt\u00e4\u00e4n elottomasta asiasta. 5. Eettinen ja \u00e4lyllinen metafora elollisesta asiasta, johon siirryt\u00e4\u00e4n elottomasta asiasta. Analyysi osoitti, ett\u00e4 suurin osa eli 55,6 % metaforista kuului luokkaan 4, johon kuuluvat personifikaatiot; 20,4 % kuului luokkaan 2; 8,3 % kuului luokkaan 1; 8,3 % luokkaan 5 ja 7,4 % kuului luokkaan 3. Metaforista 20 % sis\u00e4lsi synestesioita. N\u00e4in tulos osoittautui p\u00e4invastaiseksi hypoteesiin 1 n\u00e4hden, ts. ett\u00e4 suurin osa metaforista kuuluisi luokkaan 5. Le Cl\u00e9zio suosii siis elollista ilmaisua. Le Cl\u00e9zio ammentaa teemat 'Mondo'-novelliin suurelta osin luonnosta. Korpuksen 108:sta metaforasta 66:ssa on luontoteema seuraavanlaisesti jakautuneena: vesiteema 19,7 %:ssa, ilmateema 21,2 %:ssa, maateema 12,1 %:ssa, taivasteema 25,8 %:ssa ja luonnon \u00e4\u00e4net teemana 21,2 %:ssa metaforista; 42:ssa on elolliset olennot -teema 57,1 %:ssa ja elottomat asiat ja esineet -teema 42,9 %:ssa. Hypoteesina 2 oli, ett\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4teemat 'Mondo'-novellin metaforissa olisivat vesi ja taivas. Hypoteesi toteutui vain osaksi, sill\u00e4 25,8 %:ssa metaforista oli teemana taivas ja 19,7 %:ssa vesi, kun taas ilma on edustettuna 21,2 %:ssa. Vesiteema oli vain hieman harvinaisempi kuin ilma- ja luonnon \u00e4\u00e4net -teema. T\u00e4m\u00e4 osoittaa, ett\u00e4 Le Cl\u00e9zio k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 mieluummin metaforia, joissa luontoelementti on liikkuva ja nopeasti muuttuva. Maateema sen sijaan esiintyi vain 12,1 %:ssa metaforista. Le Cl\u00e9zio suosii my\u00f6s enemm\u00e4n metaforia, joiden teemana on elolliset olennot. Hieman harvinaisempia ovat metaforat, joiden teemana on elottomat asiat ja esineet.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2022-05-12T06:57:08Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-12T06:57:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "65", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fra", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Le Cl\u00e9zio", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Mondo et autres histoires", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "P. Fontanier", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Les m\u00e9taphores de la nouvelle 'Mondo' du recueil de nouvelles Mondo et autres histoires de J.M.G. Le Cl\u00e9zio", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202205122676", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kieli- ja viestint\u00e4tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Language and Communication Studies", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Romaaninen filologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Romance Philology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "307", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "retoriikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "metaforat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "synestesia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ranskan kieli", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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