Good Patriot The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020

2000-luvulla Venäjän poliittista kenttää on luonnehtinut valtiojohtoinen patrioottinen toimintaideologia, jonka keskeisenä ajatuksena on ollut tehdä Venäjästä jälleen suurvalta. Ideologian konkreettinen ilmenemismuoto ovat ohjelmat, joissa hahmoteltu koulutusjärjestelmä pyrkii kouluttamaan kansala...

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Päätekijä: Pylvänen, Senja
Muut tekijät: Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos, Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Aineistotyyppi: Pro gradu
Kieli:eng
Julkaistu: 2021
Aiheet:
Linkit: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/80092
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author Pylvänen, Senja
author2 Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Pylvänen, Senja Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Pylvänen, Senja Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Pylvänen, Senja
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description 2000-luvulla Venäjän poliittista kenttää on luonnehtinut valtiojohtoinen patrioottinen toimintaideologia, jonka keskeisenä ajatuksena on ollut tehdä Venäjästä jälleen suurvalta. Ideologian konkreettinen ilmenemismuoto ovat ohjelmat, joissa hahmoteltu koulutusjärjestelmä pyrkii kouluttamaan kansalaiset uudelleen patriootteina ja vieraannuttamaan heidät 1990-luvun demokratian periaatteista. Jotta ohjelmissa esitetyt politiikkatoimet nähtäisiin legitiimeinä, kansalaiset täytyy saada kannattamaan niissä ehdotettua patrioottista kasvatusta. Tähän pyritään määrittelemällä kansalaisuus valtion ja yksilön välisenä suhteena uudelleen. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan tämän uudelleenmäärittelyn ilmentymistä patrioottisten ohjelmien kansalaisuusdiskursseissa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu neljästä Venäjän kansalaisten patrioottisen kasvatuksen valtiollisesta ohjelmasta sekä kahdesta teoretisoivasta konseptiasiakirjasta. Diskursseja analysoidaan kriittisen diskurssianalyysin keinoin hyödyntäen Michel Foucault'n metodologiaa, ja saatuja tuloksia arvioidaan suhteessa kansalaisuusteorioihin ja venäläisen patriotismin ja nationalismin historialliseen kontekstiin. Keskeisiä analyysityökaluja ovat subjektivoinnin ja objektivoinnin käsitteet. Analyysissä löytyneistä kansalaisuusdiskursseista ensimmäinen legitimoi patrioottisen kasvattamisen kyseenalaistamalla demokraattisen järjestelmän ja markkinatalouden toimivuuden viittaamalla vallitsevaan yhteiskunnalliseen tilanteeseen. Sen johdosta kansalaiset määritellään patrioottisen kasvatuksen kohteeksi. Toinen diskurssi kuvaa yhtenäistä valtionpolitiikkaa, jossa eri hallinnon tasot ja yhteiskunnalliset instituutiot sitoutetaan ohjelmien edistämiseen yksilöiden saavuttamiseksi paikallistasolla. Kolmas diskurssi kuvaa patrioottisen kansalaisuuden moraalista sisältöä. Tutkimusaineiston diskursseissa rakentuva kansalaisuus muistuttaa republikaanista kansalaisuuskäsitystä, jonka keskeisiä piirteitä on kansalaisten velvollisuudet valtiota kohtaan. Kansalaisiin suhtaudutaan alamaisina ja heitä puhutellaan 1800-luvulta juontuvan hierarkkisen käytännön mukaisesti. Kansallisvaltion relevanttiutta ylimpänä kansalaisten etuja vartioivana tahona korostetaan samalla kun globalisaatioon ja ylikansallisiin yhteisöihin suhtaudutaan vihamielisesti. On the 21st century, the Russian political field has been characterized by a state-led patriotic ideology of action the central aim of which is to restore the great power status of Russia. A concrete indication of the ideology are Programs that outline an education system that aims to re-educate citizens as patriots and alienate them from the democratic principles of the 1990s. In order to make the policy measures of the Programs to look legitimate, patriotic education must be supported by citizens. For this purpose, citizenship as a relation between an individual and a state is redefined. This thesis examines how this redefinition appears in the citizenship discourses of the Programs. The research material consists of four State Programs of patriotic education of Russian citizens and two more theoretical Concept documents. The discourses are analyzed by using a method called critical discourse analysis that is based on Michel Foucault’s methodology. The results are compared to the citizenship theories presented in this thesis and examined in relation to the historical context of Russian patriotism and nationalism. Central analytical tools are concepts of subjectivation and objectivation. The first of the three citizenship discourses found in the analysis legitimizes patriotic education by questioning democratic system and liberal market economy by referring to the prevailing societal situation. Due this questioning, citizens are defined as objects of patriotic education. The second discourse describes a single state policy in which different levels of administration and societal institutions are bound to the promotion of the Programs in order to achieve individuals at the local level. The third discourse describes the moral content of patriotic citizenship. The citizenship constructed in the discourses of the research material resembles republican model of citizenship in which citizens’ obligations towards the state are one of the central features. Citizens are treated as subjects of the state and they are address according to a hierarchical discursive practice that originates in the 19th century. The relevance of nation-state as the highest guardian of its citizens is emphasized, while the relation to globalism and supranatural communities appears antagonistic.
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Ideologian konkreettinen \nilmenemismuoto ovat ohjelmat, joissa hahmoteltu koulutusj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 pyrkii kouluttamaan kansalaiset \nuudelleen patriootteina ja vieraannuttamaan heid\u00e4t 1990-luvun demokratian periaatteista. Jotta \nohjelmissa esitetyt politiikkatoimet n\u00e4ht\u00e4isiin legitiimein\u00e4, kansalaiset t\u00e4ytyy saada kannattamaan niiss\u00e4 \nehdotettua patrioottista kasvatusta. T\u00e4h\u00e4n pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n m\u00e4\u00e4rittelem\u00e4ll\u00e4 kansalaisuus valtion ja yksil\u00f6n \nv\u00e4lisen\u00e4 suhteena uudelleen. \n\n \n\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa tarkastellaan t\u00e4m\u00e4n uudelleenm\u00e4\u00e4rittelyn ilmentymist\u00e4 patrioottisten ohjelmien \nkansalaisuusdiskursseissa. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu nelj\u00e4st\u00e4 Ven\u00e4j\u00e4n kansalaisten patrioottisen \nkasvatuksen valtiollisesta ohjelmasta sek\u00e4 kahdesta teoretisoivasta konseptiasiakirjasta. Diskursseja \nanalysoidaan kriittisen diskurssianalyysin keinoin hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en Michel Foucault'n metodologiaa, ja saatuja \ntuloksia arvioidaan suhteessa kansalaisuusteorioihin ja ven\u00e4l\u00e4isen patriotismin ja nationalismin \nhistorialliseen kontekstiin. Keskeisi\u00e4 analyysity\u00f6kaluja ovat subjektivoinnin ja objektivoinnin k\u00e4sitteet. \n\n \n\nAnalyysiss\u00e4 l\u00f6ytyneist\u00e4 kansalaisuusdiskursseista ensimm\u00e4inen legitimoi patrioottisen kasvattamisen \nkyseenalaistamalla demokraattisen j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n ja markkinatalouden toimivuuden viittaamalla \nvallitsevaan yhteiskunnalliseen tilanteeseen. Sen johdosta kansalaiset m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4\u00e4n patrioottisen \nkasvatuksen kohteeksi. Toinen diskurssi kuvaa yhten\u00e4ist\u00e4 valtionpolitiikkaa, jossa eri hallinnon tasot ja \nyhteiskunnalliset instituutiot sitoutetaan ohjelmien edist\u00e4miseen yksil\u00f6iden saavuttamiseksi \npaikallistasolla. Kolmas diskurssi kuvaa patrioottisen kansalaisuuden moraalista sis\u00e4lt\u00f6\u00e4. \n\n \n\nTutkimusaineiston diskursseissa rakentuva kansalaisuus muistuttaa republikaanista \nkansalaisuusk\u00e4sityst\u00e4, jonka keskeisi\u00e4 piirteit\u00e4 on kansalaisten velvollisuudet valtiota kohtaan. \nKansalaisiin suhtaudutaan alamaisina ja heit\u00e4 puhutellaan 1800-luvulta juontuvan hierarkkisen \nk\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n mukaisesti. Kansallisvaltion relevanttiutta ylimp\u00e4n\u00e4 kansalaisten etuja vartioivana tahona \nkorostetaan samalla kun globalisaatioon ja ylikansallisiin yhteis\u00f6ihin suhtaudutaan vihamielisesti.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "On the 21st century, the Russian political field has been characterized by a state-led patriotic ideology of \naction the central aim of which is to restore the great power status of Russia. A concrete indication of the \nideology are Programs that outline an education system that aims to re-educate citizens as patriots and \nalienate them from the democratic principles of the 1990s. In order to make the policy measures of the \nPrograms to look legitimate, patriotic education must be supported by citizens. For this purpose, \ncitizenship as a relation between an individual and a state is redefined. \n\n \n\nThis thesis examines how this redefinition appears in the citizenship discourses of the Programs. The \nresearch material consists of four State Programs of patriotic education of Russian citizens and two more \ntheoretical Concept documents. The discourses are analyzed by using a method called critical discourse \nanalysis that is based on Michel Foucault\u2019s methodology. The results are compared to the citizenship \ntheories presented in this thesis and examined in relation to the historical context of Russian patriotism \nand nationalism. Central analytical tools are concepts of subjectivation and objectivation. \n\n \n\nThe first of the three citizenship discourses found in the analysis legitimizes patriotic education by \nquestioning democratic system and liberal market economy by referring to the prevailing societal \nsituation. Due this questioning, citizens are defined as objects of patriotic education. The second discourse \ndescribes a single state policy in which different levels of administration and societal institutions are \nbound to the promotion of the Programs in order to achieve individuals at the local level. The third \ndiscourse describes the moral content of patriotic citizenship. \n\n \n\nThe citizenship constructed in the discourses of the research material resembles republican model of \ncitizenship in which citizens\u2019 obligations towards the state are one of the central features. 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spellingShingle Pylvänen, Senja Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020 Yhteiskuntapolitiikka Social Policy 209 isänmaallisuus kansalaisuus politiikka patriotism citizenship politics
title Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020
title_full Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020
title_fullStr Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020 Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020
title_full_unstemmed Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020 Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020
title_short Good Patriot
title_sort good patriot the concept of citizenship in the russian state programs of patriotic education in the years 2001 2020
title_sub The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020
title_txtP Good Patriot : The Concept of Citizenship in the Russian State Programs of Patriotic Education in the years 2001–2020
topic Yhteiskuntapolitiikka Social Policy 209 isänmaallisuus kansalaisuus politiikka patriotism citizenship politics
topic_facet 209 Social Policy Yhteiskuntapolitiikka citizenship isänmaallisuus kansalaisuus patriotism politics politiikka
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/80092 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202203141798
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