Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows Gravity Flow Model

Tämän työn tarkoituksena on selvittää Uruguayn kauppavirtoihin vaikuttavat tekijät, erityisesti tutkimalla kauppasopimuksien vaikutusta kauppavirtoihin. Uruguay on pieni valtio Etelä-Amerikassa, jonka talous on keskittynyt vientiin ja maatalouteen. Historiallisesti Uruguayn suurimmat kauppakumppanit...

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Päätekijä: Kröger, Vera
Muut tekijät: Kauppakorkeakoulu, School of Business and Economics, Taloustieteet, Business and Economics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Aineistotyyppi: Pro gradu
Kieli:eng
Julkaistu: 2022
Aiheet:
Linkit: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/79964
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author Kröger, Vera
author2 Kauppakorkeakoulu School of Business and Economics Taloustieteet Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Kröger, Vera Kauppakorkeakoulu School of Business and Economics Taloustieteet Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Kröger, Vera Kauppakorkeakoulu School of Business and Economics Taloustieteet Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Kröger, Vera
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description Tämän työn tarkoituksena on selvittää Uruguayn kauppavirtoihin vaikuttavat tekijät, erityisesti tutkimalla kauppasopimuksien vaikutusta kauppavirtoihin. Uruguay on pieni valtio Etelä-Amerikassa, jonka talous on keskittynyt vientiin ja maatalouteen. Historiallisesti Uruguayn suurimmat kauppakumppanit ovat olleet naapurimaat Brasilia ja Argentiina, jotka ovat Uruguayn lisäksi Mercosur kauppavyöhykkeen perustajajäseniä. Viime vuosien aikana Uruguayn merkittäviksi kauppakumppaneiksi ovat nousseet myös Kiina, Yhdysvallat ja Euroopan Unioni. Aikaisemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että kauppasopimukset, erityisesti vapaakauppasopimukset, lisäävät kauppavirtoja maiden välillä merkittävästi. Tämän lisäksi tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että kulttuurilliset sekä hallinnolliset yhtäläisyydet sekä maantieteellinen sijainti vaikuttavat positiivisesti kauppavirtoihin kahden maan välillä. Tämä työ on keskittynyt selvittämään mitkä tekijät ovat vaikuttaneet Uruguayn kauppavirtoihin. Tutkimus on toteutettu regressioanalyysillä kuuden maan ja Uruguayn välillä, seitsemänä ajanjaksona. Estimaatit on toteutettu Statassa ei-teoreettisen gravitaatioyhtälön avulla, käyttäen poikkileikkausaineistoja. Estimoinnit on tehty kahdella eri poikkileikkausainestolla. Ensimmäinen estimointi on toteutettu vapaakauppasopimusmaiden Brasilian ja Argentiinan kanssa, ja toinen estimointi on tehty muiden maiden, Yhdysvaltojen, Kiinan, Saksan ja Espanjan kanssa. Estimoitaessa kauppavirtoja eri aineistolla, saadaan tutkimuksella selville, että vapaakauppasopimukset ovat tilastollisesti merkittävä tekijä Uruguayn kauppavirroissa. Tämä tulos linjaa myös aikaisempia tutkimuksia kauppasopimuksien vaikutuksesta kauppavirtoihin. Muut tekijät, kuten bruttokansantuote ja maiden pääkaupunkien välimatka, ovat myös merkittäviä tekijöitä Uruguayn kauppavirtoja estimoidessa. Tulevia tutkimuksia tehtäessä tulisi huomioida, että vaikka tämän tutkimuksen tulos, sekä aikaisempi kirjallisuus osoittavat, että vapaakauppasopimukset vaikuttavat positiivisesti kauppavirtoihin, tulisi tämä aina estimoida huomioiden eri sektorit ja maaparit. This paper focused on a study of factors affecting Uruguay’s bilateral trade flows. Uruguay, a small country in South America, is an export-oriented country with sectors focusing on agriculture products. Its major trading partners have been throughout history the neighboring countries Brazil and Argentina, with whom Uruguay is one of the founding members of Mercosur. Lately, also China, the United States, and the European Union have become one of the major trading partners of Uruguay. Previous literature shows that trade agreements, especially Free Trade Agreements, increase the trade flows between countries. In addition, countries' cultural similarities, governmental actions, and geographical location have an impact on the trade between countries. This research focused on estimating what variables are affecting Uruguay’s trade flows. The study was executed by estimating six-country pairs' impact on Uruguay in seven time periods. The estimation was executed in Stata software with atheoretical gravity flow equation with two cross-sectional datasets. The estimations were executed of countries in FTA with Uruguay; Argentina and Brazil, and of the countries which are not in FTA with Uruguay; China, the United States, Germany, and Spain. These two different estimations gave results to analyze the main aim of the study, the factors impacting the bilateral trade flows of Uruguay, and its trade potential. The main findings of this study are aligned with the previous literature conducted about FTAs' importance on trade flows. The main finding of the research is that Uruguay’s trade flows are mostly affected by the Mercosur trade agreement and the Mercosur countries bring the most trade flows to Uruguay. Other important variables which rose in the research have been GDP and distance of capitals. It can be summed up from the study, that as previous literature and this study shows, regional trade agreements, especially free trade agreements, have a major impact on the trade flows between countries. Although, it should be noted that different agreements in different sectors and country pairs may always differ. This should be kept in mind when conducting further research about the topic.
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spellingShingle Kröger, Vera Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model Gravity flow model Taloustiede Economics 2041 kansainvälinen kauppa kauppasopimukset bilateraalinen kauppa international trade trade agreements bilateral trade
title Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model
title_full Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model
title_fullStr Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model
title_full_unstemmed Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model
title_short Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows
title_sort factors affecting uruguay s bilateral trade flows gravity flow model
title_sub Gravity Flow Model
title_txtP Factors Affecting Uruguay's Bilateral Trade Flows : Gravity Flow Model
topic Gravity flow model Taloustiede Economics 2041 kansainvälinen kauppa kauppasopimukset bilateraalinen kauppa international trade trade agreements bilateral trade
topic_facet 2041 Economics Gravity flow model Taloustiede bilateraalinen kauppa bilateral trade international trade kansainvälinen kauppa kauppasopimukset trade agreements
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/79964 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202202251692
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