Scalable MW generator for quantum applications

Tässä työssä esitellään kahdeksankanavainen, vaihelukittuun silmukkaan perustuva mikroaaltolähde, jonka taajuusalue on 2 GHz−8 GHz. Laitteen etu olemassa oleviin kaupallisiin signaaligeneraattoreihin nähden on kubittien kontrollointiin räätälöity taajuusalue sekä skaalautuvuus - laitteen kahdeksan k...

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Main Author: Nagy, Rebekka
Other Authors: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Fysiikan laitos, Department of Physics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/79481
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author Nagy, Rebekka
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Nagy, Rebekka Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Nagy, Rebekka Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Nagy, Rebekka
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description Tässä työssä esitellään kahdeksankanavainen, vaihelukittuun silmukkaan perustuva mikroaaltolähde, jonka taajuusalue on 2 GHz−8 GHz. Laitteen etu olemassa oleviin kaupallisiin signaaligeneraattoreihin nähden on kubittien kontrollointiin räätälöity taajuusalue sekä skaalautuvuus - laitteen kahdeksan kanavaa toimivat toisistaan riippumatta, ja useampia laitteita voi pinota päällekkäin. Laitteen toteutuksessa kiinnitettiin erityistä huomiota kohinan ehkäisyyn. Valmiin laitteen kohinatasoksi mitattiin noin −100 dBc/Hz etäisyydellä 1 kHz kantoaallosta ja −145 dBc/Hz etäisyydellä 10 MHz kantoaallosta. Eri kanavien välinen ylikuuluminen oli enimmillään tasoa −60 dB. Kohinaa olisi kenties ollut mahdollista saada vielä alemmas erottamalla piirilevyn signaalit paremmin RF-värähtelijöistä sekä toisistaan, ja käyttämällä enemmän kondensaattoreita suodattamaan jännitteisiä piirilevykerroksia. Kanavien välistä ylikuulumista olisi ollut mahdollista vähentää parantamalla kanavien välistä eristystä. Tämän tekstin alkuosassa pohjustetaan mikroaaltolähteen roolia kvanttilaskennassa kertaamalla vuokubittien toimintaperiaate sekä se, miten kubitteja teoriassa kontrolloidaan mikroaaltojen avulla. Kohinan vaikutusta kubitteihin käsitellään erillisessä kappaleessa, jonka tarkoituksena on perustella mikroaaltolähteelle asetettua alhaisen kohinatason vaatimusta. Tekstin jälkipuoli käsittelee vaihelukitun silmukan toimintaa sekä mikroaaltolähteen toteutusta komponentti- ja piirilevytasolta lopullisiin mittauksiin. Vertailun vuoksi on esitetty myös joidenkin vastaavien kaupallisten laitteiden kohinakäyriä. Lopuksi käydään lyhyesti läpi mikroaaltolähteelle suunnitellut IEC- ja CISPR-standardeihin perustuvat testit, joiden läpäiseminen mahdollistaa EMC-sertifikaatin saamisen laitteelle. This work presents a prototype of an eight-channel PLL-based microwave source with a frequency range from 2 GHz to 8 GHz. The advantage of the device compared to commercial devices is the frequency range adjusted for the purpose of qubit control, and good scalability - the eight chalnnels of the device can be operated independently, and multiple devices can be stacked on top of each other. A remarkable feature is the phase coherence between any two channels, in the same device or different devices. The phase drift after warm-up remains below 1 ° in 12 hours. The phase noise level of the device was measured to be −100 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and −145 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. The crosstalk between channels was −60 dB at maximum. The noise performance could be further improved by enhancing the isolation of the PCB signal traces from the RF oscillators and from each other, and by using more capacitors to filter the power supplies. The channel cross talk could be lowered with more sophisticated shielding between the channels. The first sections of this text offer a revision to the operation of flux qubits, in order to establish an insight about the role of microwaves in the qubit control system. A separate section is dedicated for the effects of noise on the qubits, which justifies the low-noise requirements for the microwave source. The latter part of the text focuses on phase locked loops and the implementation of the microwave generator from component-level to PCB and final measurements. Phase noise graphs of some commercial devices are presented for comparison. In the end, an overlook to standard IEC/CISPR tests required for an EMC certificate is provided.
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spellingShingle Nagy, Rebekka Scalable MW generator for quantum applications mikroaaltolähde kohina Fysiikka Physics 4021 elektroniikka mittaus oskillaattorit kvanttitietokoneet mikroaallot laitteet kvanttifysiikka kvanttilaskenta melu electronics measurement oscillators quantum computers microwaves devices quantum physics quantum computing noise
title Scalable MW generator for quantum applications
title_full Scalable MW generator for quantum applications
title_fullStr Scalable MW generator for quantum applications Scalable MW generator for quantum applications
title_full_unstemmed Scalable MW generator for quantum applications Scalable MW generator for quantum applications
title_short Scalable MW generator for quantum applications
title_sort scalable mw generator for quantum applications
title_txtP Scalable MW generator for quantum applications
topic mikroaaltolähde kohina Fysiikka Physics 4021 elektroniikka mittaus oskillaattorit kvanttitietokoneet mikroaallot laitteet kvanttifysiikka kvanttilaskenta melu electronics measurement oscillators quantum computers microwaves devices quantum physics quantum computing noise
topic_facet 4021 Fysiikka Physics devices electronics elektroniikka kohina kvanttifysiikka kvanttilaskenta kvanttitietokoneet laitteet measurement melu microwaves mikroaallot mikroaaltolähde mittaus noise oscillators oskillaattorit quantum computers quantum computing quantum physics
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/79481 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202201241257
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