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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ojanen, Tommi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Tulenheimo, Tapio", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-12-23T05:52:43Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-12-23T05:52:43Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/79157", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Sotilaalta vaaditaan korkeaa resilienssi\u00e4, jotta sotilasteht\u00e4v\u00e4t voidaan suorittaa onnistuneesti operaatioissa ja sotaharjoituksissa. Yksi oleellinen osatekij\u00e4 sotilaan resilienssi\u00e4 on fyysinen suorituskyky. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli tutkia muutoksia sotilaiden fyysisess\u00e4 suorituskyvyss\u00e4, subjektiivisessa stressiss\u00e4 ja syljen biomarkkereissa 10 p\u00e4iv\u00e4n talviselviytymisharjoituksen aikana. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin yhteyksi\u00e4 sotilaiden fyysisen suorituskyvyn ja stressimarkkereiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. \n\n26 Suomen puolustusvoimien varusmiespalvelusta suorittavaa miespuolista sotilasta osallistui vapaaehtoisesti tutkimukseen (keskiarvo \u00b1 keskihajonta: ik\u00e4 20 \u00b1 1 vuotta; pituus 180 \u00b1 7 cm; paino 75.4 \u00b1 10.2 kg ja painoindeksi 23.4 \u00b1 2.5 kg/ m2). Tutkimuksen aikana tutkittavat osallistuivat 10 p\u00e4iv\u00e4n kestoiseen selviytymisharjoitukseen talviolosuhteissa. Ensimm\u00e4iset kaksi p\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4 harjoituksesta oli valmisteluvaihetta, jolloin harjoiteltiin erilaisia selviytymistaitoja. T\u00e4t\u00e4 seurasi 7 p\u00e4iv\u00e4n kentt\u00e4vaihe, jossa tutkittavat suorittivat haastavia sotilas- ja selviytymisharjoituksia. Fyysisen suorituskyvyn testit suoritettiin ennen (PRE), \naikana (MID1, MID2) ja j\u00e4lkeen (POST) harjoitusjakson. Sylkin\u00e4ytteet ker\u00e4ttiin p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4in kello 08:00 ja 20:00, joista kortisoli ja alfa-amylaasi analysoitiin. Subjektiivista stressi\u00e4 mitattiin NASA \u2013 Task Load Index kyselyll\u00e4, jonka tutkittavat t\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t joka aamu. Lis\u00e4ksi kehonkoostumus mitattiin fyysisen suorituskyvyn mittausp\u00e4ivin\u00e4, ja energiankulutus sek\u00e4 energiansaanti kaikilta harjoitusp\u00e4ivilt\u00e4. \n\nKehonpaino laski 2.8 \u00b1 3.1 kg PRE arvosta POST arvoon (p<0.01). Aamusta mitatun syljen kortisolin korkein arvo mitattiin p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 nelj\u00e4 (43.2 \u00b1 20.4 nmol/ L, p<0.001), joka oli 131 \u00b1 86 % nousu PRE arvoon verrattuna. Aamusta mitatun alfa-amylaasin korkein arvo mitattiin p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 viisi (150 \u00b1 101 u/ mL, p<0.05), joka oli 239 \u00b1 306 % nousu PRE arvoon verrattuna. Kaikki fyysisen suorituskyvyn testien tulokset, lukuun ottamatta alaraajojen isometrist\u00e4 maksimivoimaa, laskivat tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti PRE arvosta POST arvoon (p<0.05). My\u00f6s subjektiivinen stressi nousi 95 \u00b1 22 % valmisteluvaiheesta kentt\u00e4vaiheeseen (p<0.01). Korrelaatioanalyysi paljasti tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4n k\u00e4\u00e4nteisen yhteyden ennen harjoitusta \nmitatun alaraajojen isometrisen maksimivoiman ja harjoituksen aikana mitatun kortisolin aamuarvon muutoksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p<0.001, r=061). Regressioanalyysi paljasti, ett\u00e4 ennen harjoitusta mitattu yl\u00e4raajojen isometrinen maksimivoima ennusti 14.6 % subjektiivisen stressin muutoksesta harjoituksen aikana (p<0.05). T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen p\u00e4\u00e4l\u00f6yd\u00f6kset olivat, ett\u00e4 10 p\u00e4iv\u00e4n talviselviytymisharjoitus aiheuttaa useita muutoksia sotilaan toimintakyvyss\u00e4, jotka ovat n\u00e4ht\u00e4viss\u00e4 heikentyneen\u00e4 fyysisen\u00e4 suorituskykyn\u00e4 sek\u00e4 syljen kortisolin ja alfa amylaasin pitoisuuden nousuna. Lis\u00e4ksi subjektiivisen stressin, NASA- TLX kyselyll\u00e4 \nmitattuna, voidaan n\u00e4hd\u00e4 nousevan harjoituksen aikana. Tulosten perusteella erityisesti riitt\u00e4v\u00e4 ala- ja yl\u00e4raajojen maksimivoima on t\u00e4rke\u00e4ss\u00e4 roolissa ehk\u00e4isem\u00e4\u00e4n talviselviytymisharjoituksesta aiheutuvaa kortisolin nousua ja subjektiivista stressi\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "To successfully execute missions and operate under demanding circumstances, the soldier needs high resilience. Physical characteristics are a major component of the resilience of a soldier. The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in soldiers\u2019 physical performance, subjective stress, and saliva biomarkers during a 10-day winter survival training. In addition, the present study investigated the relationship between soldiers\u2019 physical performance and stress markers during this training phase. \n\n26 Finnish Army male soldiers, who performed their compulsory military service, participated in the study (mean \u00b1 SD: age 20 \u00b1 1 y; height 180 \u00b1 7 cm; weight 75.4 \u00b1 10.2 kg and BMI 23.4 \u00b1 2.5 kg/ m2). During the study, the participants went through the 10-day survival training. The first two days consisted of the preparation phase including basic survival skill training. It was followed by the field phase which included military and survival tasks. Physical tests were done \nbefore (PRE), during (MID1, MID2), and after (POST) the survival training period. Saliva samples were collected daily at 08:00 and 20:00 from which cortisol and alpha-amylase were analyzed. The subjective stress was measured with NASA - Task Load Index questionnaire which subjects filled every morning. In addition, body composition, energy expenditure, and energy intake were measured. \n\nThe body mass decreased 2.8 \u00b1 3.1 kg from PRE to POST (p<0.01). The morning saliva cortisol peak value increased 131 \u00b1 86 % from PRE and was measured on day 4 (43.2 \u00b1 20.4 nmol/ L, p<0.001). The morning saliva alpha-amylase peak value increased 239 \u00b1 306 % and was measured on day 5 (150 \u00b1 101 u/ mL, p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in all physical fitness tests from PRE to POST (p<0.05) except for the maximal isometric strength of the lower extremities. Also, the subjective stress increased 95 \u00b1 22 % from the preparation phase to the \nfield phase (p<0.01). The correlation analysis showed a statistically significant inverse relationship between the maximal isometric force of the lower extremities before the training period and cortisol change during the training period (p<0.001, r=061). The regression analysis revealed that maximal isometric strength of the upper extremities before training predicted 14.6 % of the change in subjective stress (p<0.05). The primary findings of this study were that 10-day winter survival training led to a decrease in physical performance characteristics and an increase in saliva cortisol and alpha-amylase. In addition to these, there was a significant increase in subjective stress measured by the NASA-TLX questionnaire from the preparation phase to the field phase. Based on the present study, the lower- and upper-body maximal strength plays an essential role to prevent stress-induced cortisol increase and subjective stress during survival training.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2021-12-23T05:52:43Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-23T05:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "72", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "selviytymisharjoitus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "syljen kortisoli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "syljen alfa-amylaasi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maksimivoima", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "fyysinen suorituskyky", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Survival training", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "military", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "resilience", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "saliva cortisol", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "saliva alpha-amylase", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maximal strength", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "physical performance", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Relationship between physical performance and stress during 10-day winter survival training in soldiers", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202112236139", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", 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