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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Juutinen, Taija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ihalainen, Johanna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Raitanen, Anna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-11-30T06:20:01Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-11-30T06:20:01Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/78826", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Monet naiset kokevat kuukautiskierron vaikuttavan psyykkiseen ja fyysiseen olotilaansa. Kuukautiskierron vaikutuksesta suorituskykyyn on ristiriitaisia tutkimustuloksia. Mahdolliset erot suorituskyvyss\u00e4 vaiheiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 voivat johtua esimerkiksi muutoksista keuhkotuuletuksessa, energia-aineenvaihdunnassa, l\u00e4mm\u00f6ns\u00e4\u00e4telyss\u00e4 tai motivaatiossa. Suurin osa aiemmista tutkimuksista osoitti laktaattitasojen ja hengityksenvaihtosuhteen (RER) olevan korkeamman follikulaarivaiheessa kuin luteaalivaiheessa, mik\u00e4 viittaa suurempaan glykogeenin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n energianl\u00e4hteen\u00e4. Tutkimusten enemmist\u00f6n perusteella voidaan tehd\u00e4 oletus, ett\u00e4 korkea estrogeenipitoisuus ja estrogeeni/keltarauhashormonisuhde voivat lis\u00e4t\u00e4 rasvojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 energiaksi ja t\u00e4t\u00e4 kautta johtaa alhaisempaan RER:iin ja laktaattitasoihin. Yhdistelm\u00e4ehk\u00e4isytableteilla tehdyiss\u00e4 tutkimuksista ei ole havaittu systemaattisesti eroja eri vaiheiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tuoda lis\u00e4tietoa kuukautiskierron ja yhdistelm\u00e4ehk\u00e4isyn vaiheiden vaikutuksesta maksimaaliseen hapenottokykyyn, koettuun rasitustuntemukseen ja fysiologisiin muuttujiin suorassa mattotestiss\u00e4 voimatestien j\u00e4lkeen.\nTutkittavina olivat 28 kest\u00e4vyys- ja voimaharjoittelua harrastavaa naista, joilla oli normaali eumenorinen kuukautiskierto (NHC) tai, jotka k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t yhdistelm\u00e4ehk\u00e4isy\u00e4 (HC). Testij\u00e4rjestys oli satunnaistettu ja testit tehtiin aikaisessa follikulaarivaiheessa kuukautisten aikana (EFP), follikulaarivaiheen puolessa v\u00e4liss\u00e4 (MFP), ovulaation aikaan (OV) ja luteaalivaiheessa (LP). HC-ryhm\u00e4 teki testit tyhjennysvuodon aikana, ehk\u00e4isyn aktiivisessa vaiheessa ja passiivisessa vaiheessa ennen tyhjennysvuotoa. Kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky\u00e4 mitattiin suorassa maksimitestiss\u00e4 juosten nousevilla 3 minuutin kuormilla. \nTutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn olevan OV:ssa merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti korkeampi kuin LP:ss\u00e4, mit\u00e4 ei ole havaittu aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa. Laktaatti aerobisella kynnyksell\u00e4 NHC-ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 oli merkitsev\u00e4sti korkeampi MFP:ss\u00e4 ja OV:ssa kuin LP:ss\u00e4, mik\u00e4 saattaa johtua estrogeenin lis\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4st\u00e4 rasva-aineenvaihdunnasta ja pienent\u00e4m\u00e4st\u00e4 hiilihydraattiaineenvaihdunnasta LP:ss\u00e4. Vastoin aikaisempia tutkimustuloksia NHC-ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 aerobisen kynnyksen koettu rasitus (RPE) oli korkeampi LP:ss\u00e4 suhteessa MFP:hen ja OV:hen ja anaerobisella kynnyksell\u00e4 raportoitu RPE oli merkitsev\u00e4sti korkeampi EFP:ss\u00e4 ja LP:ss\u00e4 kuin OV:ssa. Muissa muuttujissa ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 eroja. Tutkimuksen perusteella ei l\u00f6ydetty yksiselitteist\u00e4 n\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 kuukautiskierron tai hormonaalisen yhdistelm\u00e4ehk\u00e4isyn vaikutuksesta kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskykyyn.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Many women feel that their menstrual cycle affects their psychological and physiological state. There are controversial findings regarding the effects of the menstrual cycle on performance. Possible differences in performance may originate from changes in ventilation, energy substrate use, thermoregulation or motivation. Most studies showed lactate levels and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) to be higher at follicular than luteal phase, which may indicate a greater use of glycogen for energy. Based on the majority of studies, it can be suggested that higher estrogen levels and a higher estrogen/progesterone ratio may increase fat utilization for energy and therefore lead to lower RER and lactate levels. Studies on hormonal contraceptives users have not indicated systematic differences in substrate utilization or ventilation between active and inactive phases of contraceptive use.\nThe aim of this study was to obtain more information about the effects of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive phases on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), rating of per-ceived exertion, and physiological variables (blood lactate, respiratory exchange ratio, and ventilation) during an incremental running test to exhaustion after strength testing.\nSubjects were 28 endurance and strength trained healthy women who either had a normal menstrual cycle (NHC) or used combined hormonal contraceptives (HC). Tests were performed in a random order in the early follicular phase (EFP), the mid-follicular phase (MFP), ovulation (OV), and the luteal phase (LP). The HC-group had one test at bleeding, two during active phases of contraceptives, and one testing during the inactive phase before bleeding. Endurance performance was measured using an incremental running test until exhaustion with 3 minutes at each speed.\nVO2max was observed to be significantly higher at OV than LP, which has not been reported in earlier studies. Lactate at aerobic threshold was significantly higher in MFP and OV than LP, which could be caused by increased fat utilization and lowered carbohydrate utilization due to higher estrogen levels. In contradiction to earlier studies rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at aerobic threshold was significantly higher in LP than MFP and OV and RPE at anaerobic threshold was significantly higher in EFP and LP than OV. No other statistically significant differences were observed in the study. Based on the study there is no evidence that menstrual cycle or hormonal contraceptive phase would affect endurance performance.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-11-30T06:20:01Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-30T06:20:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "63", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "suora mattotesti", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hormonaalinen ehk\u00e4isy", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Kuukautiskierron ja hormonaalisen ehk\u00e4isyn vaikutus kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskykymuuttujiin maksimaalisessa suorassa testiss\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyys- ja voimaharjoitelleilla naisilla", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202111305831", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntafysiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Exercise Physiology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "suorituskyky", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "naiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormonit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuukautiskierto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormonaaliset vaikutukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "estrogeenit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "liikunta", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuukautiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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