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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Parviainen, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Immonen, Mikko", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Penttinen, Emilia", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-09-28T06:23:57Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-09-28T06:23:57Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/77932", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kivun teht\u00e4v\u00e4 on varoittaa ja suojata, ja ennakoidessaan kipua yksil\u00f6 pyrkii muuttamaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4\u00e4n v\u00e4ltt\u00e4\u00e4kseen kivun kokemuksen. Yksi kivun kokemukseen vaikuttavista tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4 on yksil\u00f6n temperamentti. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkasteltiin kivun odotuksen aikaisen aivojen alfarytmin yhteyksi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 est\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n (BIS) ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 aktivoivaan j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n (BAS).\n\tKahdeksantoista tutkittavan temperamenttitaipumuksia selvitettiin BIS/BAS Scales -kyselylomakkeen suomennetulla versiolla, ja heid\u00e4n aivotoimintaansa mitattiin magnetoenkefalografilla (MEG). Koeasetelmassa tutkittavien oikean k\u00e4den sormiin annettiin s\u00e4hk\u00f6isi\u00e4 kipu\u00e4rsykkeit\u00e4 heid\u00e4n ollessaan MEG-laitteessa, ja kaksi sekuntia ennen jokaista \u00e4rsykett\u00e4 tutkittava kuuli \u00e4\u00e4nimerkin vihjeen\u00e4 tulevasta kipu\u00e4rsykkeest\u00e4. Alfarytmin voimakkuutta tarkasteltiin n\u00e4iden kahden sekunnin ajalta. BIS- ja BAS-muuttujien yhteyksi\u00e4 kivun odotuksen aikaiseen alfarytmiin tarkasteltiin korrelaatioanalyysia hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en.\n\tBIS-pisteiden havaittiin olevan yhteydess\u00e4 ohimolohkojen alfarytmiin niin, ett\u00e4 korkeita pisteit\u00e4 saaneilla alfarytmi lateralisoitui vasempaan ohimolohkoon ja matalia pisteit\u00e4 saaneilla oikeaan ohimolohkoon. Havaitun yhteyden taustalla voi olla esimerkiksi kipu\u00e4rsykkeen suurempi merkityksellisyys BIS-taipuvaiselle tai tarkkaavaisuuden suuntaamisen ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n viritt\u00e4ytymisen erilaiset mekanismit riippuen yksil\u00f6n BIS-taipumuksesta. Lis\u00e4ksi havaittiin yhteyksi\u00e4 alfarytmin ja yhden BAS-alaskaalan, palkintosuuntautuneisuuden, v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Palkintosuuntautuneisuus oli yhteydess\u00e4 vasemman otsalohkon alfarytmin voimakkuuteen. Palkintosuuntautuneisuus my\u00f6s korreloi suuntaa antavasti oikean otsalohkon ja vasemman ohimolohkon alfarytmin voimakkuuksien kanssa. Yhteyksien taustalla voi olla esimerkiksi l\u00e4hestymisk\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymisen inhibointi, tai alfa-aktiivisuuden muutokset voivat olla k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 est\u00e4v\u00e4n j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n v\u00e4litt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4.\n\tJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6sten tekemisen suhteen tulee olla varovainen. Tutkimus oli luonteeltaan jokseenkin eksploratiivinen ja laatuaan ensimm\u00e4inen, jossa selvitettiin kivun odotuksen aikaisen alfarytmin yhteyksi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 est\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 aktivoivaan j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n. Tulokset kaipaavat vahvistamista suuremmilla ja edustavammilla otoksilla, ja jatkotutkimuksessa tulisi perehty\u00e4 my\u00f6s yhteyksien taustalla olevien ilmi\u00f6iden mekanismeihin. Kipuun liittyvien neuropsykologisten ilmi\u00f6iden parempi ymm\u00e4rrys voisi parantaa etenkin kroonisen kivun kanssa el\u00e4vien el\u00e4m\u00e4nlaatua paremmin kohdistettujen kivunhoitomenetelmien my\u00f6t\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Pain and its anticipation aim to protect. When anticipating pain, one attempts to alter their actions to avoid the pain experience. One of the factors that can shape the experience of pain is temperament, and there have been multiple studies on the effects of both pain and temperament on brain oscillations. In this thesis, the links between alpha oscillations during pain anticipation and both behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) were explored.\n\tThe Finnish version of the BIS/BAS Scales questionnaire was used to examine the two systems in eighteen participants, and magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to measure their brain activity. Electrical pain stimuli were applied to the participants\u2019 fingers during the MEG measurement, and two seconds before each pain stimulus the participants heard an auditory cue. Alpha rhythm was examined during this two-second time interval and its relationships with BIS and BAS were explored with correlation analysis.\n\tBIS scores were correlated with alpha power in the temporal lobes. The higher the BIS scores were, the more lateralized alpha power was to the left temporal lobe, and the lower the scores were, the more alpha power was lateralized to the right temporal lobe. These correlations may be explained by differences in attention orienting or arousal to the environment in those with different BIS scores, or the pain stimulus may have more individual relevance to high BIS scorers. In addition, correlations between alpha power and a subscale of BAS, reward responsiveness, were found. Reward responsiveness correlated with alpha power in the left frontal lobe. Links between reward responsiveness and alpha power in both right frontal lobe and left temporal lobe were also discovered, but the correlations were not statistically significant. Inhibition of behavioral activation system may have caused these findings, or the changes in alpha activity may have been mediated by behavioral inhibition system.\n\tGiven that the study was somewhat exploratory in nature and it\u2019s the first examining the links between alpha oscillations and both behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system during anticipation of pain, caution must be used when interpreting the results. The findings must be replicated in other studies with larger and more representative samples. The future research should also investigate the mechanisms behind the discovered correlations. Better understanding of said mechanisms may, through better pain management methods, lead to an improvement in the quality of life of those living with chronic pain.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-09-28T06:23:57Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-28T06:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "44", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kivun odotus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 est\u00e4v\u00e4 j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "BIS", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 aktivoiva j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "BAS", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "alfarytmi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "K\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 est\u00e4v\u00e4n ja aktivoivan j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n yhteydet kivun odotuksen aikaiseen alfarytmiin", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202109285000", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Education and Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Psykologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psykologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", 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