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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lehikoinen, Aleksi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Komonen, Atte", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Viitanen, Lauri", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-08-27T05:46:32Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-08-27T05:46:32Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/77508", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Lajien elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6vaatimusten tunteminen on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 niiden suojelun kannalta. \nEsimerkiksi maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutokset ja ilmastonmuutos ovat aiheuttaneet isolle joukolle \nlajeja hankaluuksia sopeutua muuttuvaan ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n. Yh\u00e4 useamman lajin kannat \npienenev\u00e4t, joten on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, miten ihmisen aiheuttamat h\u00e4iri\u00f6t vaikuttavat niiden\npopulaatioihin. Maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutokset ovat muuttaneet my\u00f6s kaupunkeja \nelinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n\u00e4. Varpunen on jo pitk\u00e4\u00e4n sopeutunut el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n ihmisen seuralaisena, mutta \nviime aikojen nopeat muutokset sen elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6iss\u00e4 ovat saattaneet vaikuttaa sen \nkantojen v\u00e4henemiseen. Varpuskanta on taantunut viime vuosikymmenin\u00e4 selv\u00e4sti \nmaaseudulla, mutta my\u00f6s taajamissa. Talvinen hengiss\u00e4 s\u00e4ilyminen on monelle lajille, \nkuten varpuselle, haaste. Varpusten tulee sek\u00e4 v\u00e4ltell\u00e4 petoja ett\u00e4 hankkia riitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti \nravintoa. Tutkimukseni tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 miten suojapaikat, ravinto ja kilpailu \nvaikuttavat varpusten esiintymiseen taajamissa talvella. Varpusen elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6jen \nsuojelemisen kannalta on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, mitk\u00e4 tekij\u00e4t vaikuttavat niiden sijoittumiseen \ntaajamissa. Tutkin vaikuttaako Suomessa parina viime vuosikymmenen\u00e4 merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti \nrunsastunut pikkuvarpuskanta varpusten esiintymiseen. Tutkimuksessa laskettiin kaikki \nruokinnat, pikkuvarpuset ja varpuset sek\u00e4 pensasaitojen pituudet valituilta \ntutkimusalueilta. Tutkimusalueet olivat asumistiheydelt\u00e4\u00e4n erilaisia isojen teiden rajaamia \nkaupunginosia, joissa oli havaittu varpusia aiemmin. Tilastomallinnuksessa k\u00e4ytettiin\nyleistettyj\u00e4 lineaarisia sekamalleja. Varpustiheyksi\u00e4 selitettiin pensasaitojen pituudella, \nruokintojen ja pikkuvarpusten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ll\u00e4 sek\u00e4 ihmistiheydell\u00e4. Varpusm\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t olivat \nsuurempia, kun pensasaitoja tai ruokintoja oli paljon. Suurimmat varpusrunsaudet \nhavaittiin korkean ihmistiheyden alueilla, joilla oli runsaasti ruokintoja ja pensasaitoja. \nVarpuset esiintyiv\u00e4t siis runsaimpina siell\u00e4, miss\u00e4 niill\u00e4 oli tarpeeksi suojapaikkoja ja \nravintoa. Pikkuvarpusten runsaudella ei havaittu olevan yhteytt\u00e4 varpusten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n.\nPensasaidat ja ruokinnat olivat varpusen kannalta t\u00e4rkeimpi\u00e4 suurimman ihmistiheyden \nalueella eli kaupunkien keskustoissa. Varpusen v\u00e4henemisen pys\u00e4ytt\u00e4misen kannalta \nolennaisinta olisi s\u00e4ilytt\u00e4\u00e4 riitt\u00e4v\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 suoja- ja ruokailupaikkoja kaupungeissa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The knowledge of habitat requirements of different species is important for their protection. \nFor instance the impact of changes in land use and climate change have caused difficulties \nfor a large amount of species in adapting to the changing environments. Increasing number \nof populations are declining and therefore it is important to investigate how disturbances \ncaused by humans affects populations. Environmental changes has also caused continuous \nchanges in habitats in cities. House sparrows have adapted to live with humans around \nthem but recently the rapid changes in its habitats might have had an influence on decline\nof its populations. The Finnish population of house sparrows has declined remarkably in \nthe countryside but also in urban areas over the last decades. During winter house sparrows \nneed to avoid predators, but also acquire enough resources to survive in the cold conditions. \nThe purpose of the study was to find out how amount of hedges, feedings and tree sparrows \naffect the occurrence of house sparrows in urban areas in winter. It is important to find out \nwhich factors affect the occurrence of house sparrows in urban areas in order to protect their \nhabitats. I investigate if the remarkably increased tree sparrow numbers in Finland have an \ninfluence on the occurrence of house sparrows. In the study, all feedings, tree sparrows and \nhouse sparrows and length of hedges were counted on the chosen research areas. The \nresearch areas were parts of towns bordered by big streets, having different human \npopulation density and where house sparrows had previously been detected. The\ngeneralized linear mixed models were used in statistical modelling, where the abundance\nof house sparrows was explained by the length of hedges, the amount of feedings, the \namount of tree sparrows and human population density. The abundance of house sparrows \npositively correlated with the length of hedges and the amount of feedings. The highest \nhouse sparrow numbers were observed in high human density areas with high amount of \nfeedings and hedges. The amount of tree sparrows did not correlate significantly with the \nabundances of house sparrows. For house sparrows, hedges and feedings were the most \nimportant factors in city centres, and thus the highest abundances were observed in areas \nwhere there were enough shelters and food for them. In order to stop the decline of house \nsparrow, it would be important to preserve enough shelters and feeding places in cities.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-08-27T05:46:32Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-27T05:46:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "26", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pikkuvarpunen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Varpusen talvirunsauteen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 suomalaisissa taajamissa", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202108274671", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "varpunen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "pensasaidat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "varpuset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ruokinta", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kaupunkiekologia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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