Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis

Paljon energiaa sisältävän ravinnon lisääntyminen osana tavallista ruokavaliota on viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana todettu johtavan ylipainosta aiheutuviin terveyshaittoihin ja muuttavan suolistomikrobiston rakennetta. Viime vuosien aikana on tullut lisää näyttöä, joka viittaa suoliston ja aivojen...

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Päätekijä: Kunnas, Kari
Muut tekijät: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Aineistotyyppi: Pro gradu
Kieli:eng
Julkaistu: 2021
Aiheet:
Linkit: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/77262
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author Kunnas, Kari
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos Department of Biological and Environmental Science Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Kunnas, Kari Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos Department of Biological and Environmental Science Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Kunnas, Kari Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos Department of Biological and Environmental Science Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Kunnas, Kari
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description Paljon energiaa sisältävän ravinnon lisääntyminen osana tavallista ruokavaliota on viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana todettu johtavan ylipainosta aiheutuviin terveyshaittoihin ja muuttavan suolistomikrobiston rakennetta. Viime vuosien aikana on tullut lisää näyttöä, joka viittaa suoliston ja aivojen väliseen yhteyteen, jota kutsutaan suoli-aivo-akseliksi. Suolistobakteeri Faecalibacterium prausnitziin määrän on todettu olevan yhteydessä niin suoliston häiriöiden, kuin masennuksen ja ahdistuksen kaltaisten häiriöiden lieventymiseen, mikä viittaa sen vaikuttavan sekä suoliston että aivojen terveyteen. F. prausnitzii on erittäin anaerobinen, mikä tekee sen käytöstä probioottina vaikeaa. Tässä tutkimuksessa sen määrään pyrittiin vaikuttamaan prebioottisen xylo-oligosakkaridin (XOS) avulla sellaisten rottien suolistossa, joille syötettiin vähä- tai korkearasvaista ruokaa, joko XOS:n kanssa tai ilman. Pyrin selvittämään korkearasvaisen ruokavalion ja XOS:n vaikutusta F. prausnitziin määrään sekä aikuisiän neurogeneesiin ja inflammaatioon aivotursossa. Kahdentoista viikon ravitsemusintervetion jälkeen rotat lopetettiin, niiden aivot viipaloitiin leikkeiksi ja värjättiin immunohistologisin menetelmin. Korkearasvaisen ruokavalion todettiin johtavan suurempaan painonnousuun ja vähärasvaisen ruokavalion havaittiin XOS:n kanssa johtavan korkeampaan F. prausnitziin määrään. Ryhmien väliset erot mikrogliojen aktiivisuuden merkkiaineissa olivat yllättäviä: vähärasvainen ruoka vaikutti olevan yhteydessä korkeampaan aktiivisuustasoon. Uusien hermosolujen määrät olivat ryhmissä samalla tasolla, viitaten siihen, ettei ruokavalio vaikuttanut neurogeneesiin. The increase in high energy food as a part of regular nutrition in the last decades has been shown to cause negative health effects related to obesity and to alter the gut microbiota composition. In the past years, the amount of evidence pointing towards a connection between the gut microbiota and the brain, the gut-brain axis (GBA), has increased. Previous studies have shown a link between the abundance of a specific gut microbe, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and improvements in intestinal disorders as well as depression-like and anxiety-like behavior, suggesting that it influences both gut and brain health. F. prausnitzii is extremely oxygen sensitive, making its use as a probiotic difficult. Thus, its abundance was attempted to be manipulated by using a prebiotic fiber, xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), in rats fed with high or low-fat feed. XOS has been shown to affect the abundance of F. prausnitzii in the gut. In this study the effects of a high-fat diet and/or dietary XOS on F. prausnitzii, and hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis were examined. After a twelve-week dietary intervention, the rats were euthanized, and their hippocampi were sectioned and stained with immunohistological methods. The high-fat diet was found to increase weight gain and a low-fat diet with XOS was observed to have a positive influence on the abundance of F. prausnitzii. There were unexpected differences in the markers of activated microglia between the groups, as the low-fat diet seemed to associate with higher levels of markers. The number of newborn neurons did not differ between the groups, suggesting that the different diets did not affect adult neurogenesis.
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spellingShingle Kunnas, Kari Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis F. prausnitzii gut-brain axis Solu- ja molekyylibiologia Cell and molecular biology 4013 ksylo-oligosakkaridit aivot ruokavaliot suolistomikrobisto probiootit prebiootit hermosto hippokampus xylooligosaccharides brain diets gastrointestinal microbiota probiotics prebiotics nervous system hippocampus
title Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
title_full Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
title_fullStr Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
title_short Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
title_sort effects of high fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
title_txtP Effects of high-fat diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on hippocampal inflammation and adult neurogenesis
topic F. prausnitzii gut-brain axis Solu- ja molekyylibiologia Cell and molecular biology 4013 ksylo-oligosakkaridit aivot ruokavaliot suolistomikrobisto probiootit prebiootit hermosto hippokampus xylooligosaccharides brain diets gastrointestinal microbiota probiotics prebiotics nervous system hippocampus
topic_facet 4013 Cell and molecular biology F. prausnitzii Solu- ja molekyylibiologia aivot brain diets gastrointestinal microbiota gut-brain axis hermosto hippocampus hippokampus ksylo-oligosakkaridit nervous system prebiootit prebiotics probiootit probiotics ruokavaliot suolistomikrobisto xylooligosaccharides
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/77262 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202108034430
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