Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers

Tutkimusnäyttö kehotietoisuuden ja hyvinvoinnin yhteydestä on viime vuosina lisääntynyt, mutta on edelleen paikoin ristiriitaista ja vähäistä. Lisäksi kehotietoisuuden eri aspekteja on tutkittu vähän aktiiviliikkujien ja urheilijoiden keskuudessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia subjektii...

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Main Author: Tokola, Rachel
Other Authors: Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Liikunta- ja terveystieteet, Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/76692
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author Tokola, Rachel
author2 Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Tokola, Rachel Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Tokola, Rachel Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Tokola, Rachel
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description Tutkimusnäyttö kehotietoisuuden ja hyvinvoinnin yhteydestä on viime vuosina lisääntynyt, mutta on edelleen paikoin ristiriitaista ja vähäistä. Lisäksi kehotietoisuuden eri aspekteja on tutkittu vähän aktiiviliikkujien ja urheilijoiden keskuudessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden eri aspektien yhteyttä urheilijoiden ja aktiiviliikkujien koettuun hyvinvointiin. Lisäksi tässä tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvittämään, miten aktiiviliikkujat ja urheilijat eroavat interoseptiivisen herkkyyden, kehovalppauden, kehokompetenssin, sekä yksityisen ja julkisen kehotietoisuuden suhteen. Subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden viittä eri osa-aluetta mitattiin kolmen kyselylomakkeen avulla. Hyvinvoinnin mittareina toimivat tutkittavien arviot tyytyväisyydestä itseensä ja elämäänsä. Koehenkilöiden (n=49) kyselylomakkeista saatuja pistemääriä analysoitiin Pearsonin korrelaatiokertoimella sekä monimuuttujaisen lineaarisen regressioanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksen ensimmäinen päätulos oli, että kahdella subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden aspektilla oli tilastollisesti merkitsevä yhteys hyvinvoinnin mittariin. Tulosten perusteella havaittiin, että yksityinen kehotietoisuus sekä julkinen kehotietoisuus olivat negatiivisesti yhteydessä hyvinvointiin ja yhteydet olivat tilastollisesti merkitsevät. Tutkimuksen toinen päätulos oli, että urheilijat ja aktiiviliikkujat eivät eronneet subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden aspektien suhteen, mutta urheilijat kokivat korkeampaa hyvinvointia aktiiviliikkujiin verrattuna. Tulokset antavat ymmärtää, että subjektiivinen kehotietoisuus ja hyvinvointi voivat olla yhteydessä toisiinsa. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat aikaisempia tutkimuksia sen suhteen, että korkea yksityinen kehotuntemus ja julkinen kehotietoisuus ovat yhteydessä alhaisempaan hyvinvointiin. Toisaalta tulokset eivät näyttäneet kehotietoisuuden eroavan liikunta-aktiivisuuden mukaan. Tutkimuksen tulokset viittaavat lisäksi siihen, että urheilijoiden hyvinvointi ei ole yhteydessä sisäisen tai ulkoisen kehotietoisuuden tasoon. Tutkimuksen tulokset korostavat tarvetta subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden eri osa-alueiden lisätutkimukselle. Keskeistä olisi selventää, miten ja milloin ne ovat yhteydessä hyvinvointiin. Näin voidaan saada lisää tietoa siitä, mitkä kehotietoisuuden eri aspektit lisäävät tai vähentävät hyvinvointia. Lisäksi on tarpeen tuoda tutkimuksen avulla tarkennusta siihen, voidaanko erilaisten harjoitusten avulla edistää adaptiivista kehotietoisuutta. Tulevaisuudessa on myös tarve selvittää tarkemmin, miten liikunnan ja eri kehotietoisuuksien osioiden yhteydet saattavat vaikuttaa urheilijoiden hyvinvointiin, itseluottamukseen, suorituskykyyn sekä motivaatioon. Although the evidence is emerging, research on the relationship between interoceptive sensibility, body awareness, and well-being is still in its infancy, rather divergent and sometimes even contradictory. Further, the multidimensionality of subjective body awareness has rarely been considered in the context of sports and exercise. First, the purpose of this study was to identify the relation of different aspects of subjective body awareness with well-being. Second, differences in subjective body awareness and well-being between active exercisers and professional athletes were investigated. Five aspects of subjective body awareness were measured with three different questionnaires. Well-being was measured with the individual’s satisfaction with self and life. The relation of subjects (n=49) responses on questionnaires was analysed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Multivariate linear regression analyses. The first main result of this study was that two aspects of subjective body awareness (private and public body consciousness) were related significantly with measures of well-being. Both aspects correlated negatively with satisfaction with self and life. The second main finding of this study was that athlete’s reported higher levels of well-being compared to exercisers, and these results were independent of any other variables measured. The results of this study indicate that subjective body awareness and well-being can relate with each other. The results support previous findings that increased interoceptive sensibility and external body awareness are related to diminished well-being. However, this study was unable to distinguish between beneficial and maladaptive aspects of other subjective body awareness measures. Further, no differences were found between athletic and exercising groups in subjective body awareness. Instead, findings of this study imply that athletes’ well-being is independent of their levels of internal, external, or evaluative body awareness. The results highlight the need to investigate the differences amongst aspects of subjective body awareness to clarify how and when they associate with well-being. Further, it needs to be investigated if contemplative, mindfulness training could enhance an adaptive view of body awareness. In addition, more research is needed to study how participation in sports relates to athletic well-being, self-confidence, performance and motivation.
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Lis\u00e4ksi kehotietoisuuden eri aspekteja on tutkittu v\u00e4h\u00e4n aktiiviliikkujien ja urheilijoiden keskuudessa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden eri aspektien yhteytt\u00e4 urheilijoiden ja aktiiviliikkujien koettuun hyvinvointiin. Lis\u00e4ksi t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, miten aktiiviliikkujat ja urheilijat eroavat interoseptiivisen herkkyyden, kehovalppauden, kehokompetenssin, sek\u00e4 yksityisen ja julkisen kehotietoisuuden suhteen.\n\nSubjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden viitt\u00e4 eri osa-aluetta mitattiin kolmen kyselylomakkeen avulla. Hyvinvoinnin mittareina toimivat tutkittavien arviot tyytyv\u00e4isyydest\u00e4 itseens\u00e4 ja el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4ns\u00e4. Koehenkil\u00f6iden (n=49) kyselylomakkeista saatuja pistem\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 analysoitiin Pearsonin korrelaatiokertoimella sek\u00e4 monimuuttujaisen lineaarisen regressioanalyysin avulla.\n\nTutkimuksen ensimm\u00e4inen p\u00e4\u00e4tulos oli, ett\u00e4 kahdella subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden aspektilla oli tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4 yhteys hyvinvoinnin mittariin. Tulosten perusteella havaittiin, ett\u00e4 yksityinen kehotietoisuus sek\u00e4 julkinen kehotietoisuus olivat negatiivisesti yhteydess\u00e4 hyvinvointiin ja yhteydet olivat tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4t. Tutkimuksen toinen p\u00e4\u00e4tulos oli, ett\u00e4 urheilijat ja aktiiviliikkujat eiv\u00e4t eronneet subjektiivisen kehotietoisuuden aspektien suhteen, mutta urheilijat kokivat korkeampaa hyvinvointia aktiiviliikkujiin verrattuna.\n\nTulokset antavat ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 subjektiivinen kehotietoisuus ja hyvinvointi voivat olla yhteydess\u00e4 toisiinsa. 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spellingShingle Tokola, Rachel Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers subjective body awareness interoceptive sensibility body vigilance private body consciousness public body consciousness body competence life satisfaction subjective well-being Liikuntalääketiede Sport Medicine 5042 fyysinen aktiivisuus kehontuntemus urheilijat physical activeness body awareness athletes
title Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers
title_full Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers
title_fullStr Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers
title_full_unstemmed Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers
title_short Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers
title_sort subjective body awareness and well being in athletes and active exercisers
title_txtP Subjective body awareness and well-being in athletes and active exercisers
topic subjective body awareness interoceptive sensibility body vigilance private body consciousness public body consciousness body competence life satisfaction subjective well-being Liikuntalääketiede Sport Medicine 5042 fyysinen aktiivisuus kehontuntemus urheilijat physical activeness body awareness athletes
topic_facet 5042 Liikuntalääketiede Sport Medicine athletes body awareness body competence body vigilance fyysinen aktiivisuus interoceptive sensibility kehontuntemus life satisfaction physical activeness private body consciousness public body consciousness subjective body awareness subjective well-being urheilijat
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/76692 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202106183888
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