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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Junttila, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Meril\u00e4inen, Jari-Mikko", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Salo, Anna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-06-18T07:22:22Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-06-18T07:22:22Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/76690", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Luottamus luottoluokittajien kykyyn arvioida pankkien vakavaraisuutta mureni finanssikriisin j\u00e4lkeen. Pankkeja, joita oli arvioitu vakavaraisiksi ja v\u00e4h\u00e4riskisiksi toimijoiksi kaatui tai ne joutuivat turvautumaan erilaisiin tukipaketteihin toimintansa jatkamiseksi. Ep\u00e4johdonmukaisuus pankeille asetettujen luottoluokitusten ja todellisen vakavaraisuuden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 asetti luottoluokittajat kritiikin kohteeksi. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 taloudellisia indikaattoreita ja muita ominaisuuksia, jotka vaikuttavat pankin luottoluokitukseen. Tutkimus pyrkii luomaan kokonaiskuvan luottoluokituksen muodostamiseen liittyvist\u00e4 prosesseista keskittyen luottotappiovarausten vaikutukseen. Luottotappiot v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4t pankin p\u00e4\u00e4omaa, joka on yleisesti luottoluokittajien keskuudessa t\u00e4rkein tekij\u00e4 luottoluokitusta muodostettaessa. T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 voidaan olettaa, ett\u00e4 luottotappioiden ja luottoluokituksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on yhteys. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on hahmottaa t\u00e4m\u00e4n yhteyden laajuutta.\n\nT\u00e4m\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielma hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 empiirist\u00e4 tutkimusta k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en L\u00e4nsi-Euroopan pankkien taseen ja tuloslaskelman tunnuslukuja. Tutkimuksessa hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n luotto-luokittajan Fitch Ratings -luottoluokituksia. Tarkoituksena on selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, mit\u00e4 muutoksia luottoluokituksessa tapahtuu, kun pankki k\u00e4rsii luottotappioita. Luottotappioiden mittaamisessa hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n pankkien asettamia luottotappiovarauksia, jotka auttavat hahmottamaan mahdolliset tulevat tai jo toteutuneet luottotappiot. Tulosten mukaan luottotappiovarausten ja luottoluokituksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on negatiivinen yhteys. T\u00e4m\u00e4 yhteys ei kuitenkaan ole lineaarinen, sill\u00e4 vaikutuksen laajuus on riippuvainen luottotappiovarausten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4st\u00e4. Joissakin tapauksissa vaikutus on positiivinen.\nT\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus antaa syvemp\u00e4\u00e4 tietoa luottotappiovarausten optimointiin sek\u00e4 pankkien s\u00e4\u00e4ntelyn vaikutuksiin luottoluokituksen muodostamiseen ja k\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6ihin liittyen. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on antaa tarkempi k\u00e4sitys indikaattoreista, jotka vaikuttavat pankkien luottoluokituksen muutoksiin keskittyen luottotappiovarausten vaikutuksiin sek\u00e4 antaa vakaa perusta jatkotutkimukselle.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The validity of credit rating formation in banking sector gained attention after the global financial crisis in 2007. Some banks that were financially sound and low-risk according to their credit rating were forced to rely on government bailout or even faced bankruptcy. The credit rating agencies and their rating policies received a lot of criticism due to incoherence between the credit rating and bank\u2019s actual financial condition. This study aims to examine the financial indicators and other related features that have an influence on the bank\u2019s credit rating. While the aim is to provide general view of the credit rating formation process, the study concentrates on the impact of loan loss provisions on the credit rating. Credit losses diminish the bank equity which is considered as the most noteworthy indicator in credit rating process by the rating agencies. Therefore, clarifying the extent of the connection between the loan loss provisions and credit rating is important.\n\nThis thesis conducts the empirical study by utilizing banking data from Western European banks. In addition to the banking data, the credit ratings that are examined in this study are obtained from Fitch Ratings\u2019 data base. The aim of this research is to examine the changes in credit rating when bank faces credit losses. In order to capture the credit losses on a yearly basis, the study utilizes loan loss provision variable to reflect the probable or already executed loan defaults. The findings show that there is a connection between the loan loss provisions and changes in credit rating, however, the effect is not always linear. The magnitude of the influence on the credit rating depends on the level of loan loss provisions. Even though the correlation between these two variables is usu-ally negative, in some cases the influence of loan loss provisions is positive instead. Furthermore, in these circumstances the loan loss provision is beneficial to the bank\u2019s credit rating. \nThis study improves knowledge in optimization of loan loss provisions and influence of banking regulation on credit formation processes and policies. It allows an insight to indicators that have an effect on bank credit ratings in Western Europe and provides a basis for subsequent research.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-06-18T07:22:22Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-18T07:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "80", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "loan loss provision", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "banking regulation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "luottotappiovaraus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pankkis\u00e4\u00e4ntely", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The connection between bank credit ratings and loan loss provisions in Western European banking sector", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202106183886", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taloustiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Economics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "2041", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "pankit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "luottotappiot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "luottoluokitukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "banks (monetary institutions)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "credit losses", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "credit ratings", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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