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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kauhanen, Antti", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Hirvonen, Antti", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-05-30T16:16:50Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-05-30T16:16:50Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/76064", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkielma k\u00e4sittelee aktiivisen ty\u00f6voimapolitiikan (ATP) syrj\u00e4ytysvaikutuksia. Syrj\u00e4ytysvaikutukset ovat ATP:n ep\u00e4suoria sivuvaikutuksia, jotka vaikuttavat ty\u00f6llisyyteen negatiivisesti muiden kuin ohjelmiin osallistuvien henkil\u00f6iden kautta. Tutkielmassa keskityt\u00e4\u00e4n kahden tyyppisiin sivuvaikutuksiin. Ensinn\u00e4kin ATP, kuten tukity\u00f6llist\u00e4misohjelmat, voi syrj\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 vakinaista ty\u00f6llisyytt\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi aiemman kirjallisuuden perusteella ATP voi my\u00f6s v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 ohjelmiin osallistumattomien ty\u00f6nhakijoiden ty\u00f6llistymistodenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4. Sivuvaikutusten huomioiminen on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4, jos halutaan arvioida ATP:n nettovaikutuksia. Tutkielmassa syrj\u00e4ytysvaikutuksia tarkastellaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en muunneltua Layard-Nickell mallia teoriakehyksen\u00e4, tarkastellen aihetta k\u00e4sittelev\u00e4\u00e4 aiempaa kirjallisuutta sek\u00e4 lopuksi empiirisen analyysin avulla.\nEmpiirisess\u00e4 analyysiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n vuositason paneeliaineistoa suomalaisista kunnista vuosilta 2008\u20132018. Aineistoa analysoidaan staattisella kiinteiden vaikutusten mallilla ja dynaamisella yleistetyn momenttimenetelm\u00e4n (GMM) mallilla hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en instrumenttimuuttujia. Kiinteiden vaikutusten mallin perusteella tukity\u00f6llist\u00e4minen ja koulutusohjelmat ovat negatiivisesti yhteydess\u00e4 vakinaiseen ty\u00f6llisyyteen. Ty\u00f6llisyden ja ATP:n volyymien yhteys on kuitenkin simultaaninen eli ty\u00f6llisyyden taso voi vaikuttaa ATP:n volyymeihin ja p\u00e4invastoin. N\u00e4in ollen kiinteiden vaikutusten mallin tuloksiin liittyy endogeenisuusharhaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi ei voida tehd\u00e4 johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksi\u00e4 siit\u00e4, kuvastaako havaitut negatiiviset yhteydet pelk\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n muuttujien endogeenista suhdetta vai syrj\u00e4ytysvaikutuksia. Endogeenisuusongelmaa ratkaistaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 instrumenttimuuttujamenetelm\u00e4\u00e4 (GMM), mutta GMM mallin estimaatit eiv\u00e4t ole valideja ep\u00e4validien instrumenttien vuoksi.\n Empiirisen analyysin tulokset ovat verrattavissa aiempiin makrotason tutkimuksiin, joiden perusteella tukity\u00f6llist\u00e4miseen liittyv\u00e4t syrj\u00e4ytysvaikutukset ovat mittavia. Yritystason tutkimukset ovat kuitenkin ristiriidassa n\u00e4iden tulosten kanssa, koska niiden perusteella palkkatukeen ei liity syrj\u00e4ytysvaikutuksia. Tulevaisuudessa tarvitaan viel\u00e4 jatkotutkimusta aiheesta, koska sek\u00e4 yritystason ett\u00e4 makrotason tutkimuksissa on tiettyj\u00e4 rajoituksia, joita voitaisiin parantaa tulevissa tutkimuksissa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "This thesis examines the displacement effects of active labour market policies (ALMPs). Displacement effects are indirect side effects of ALMPs, which affect employment negatively via affecting other persons than the program participants. Thesis focuses on two types of side effects. First, ALMPs like subsidised employment programs can crowd out regular employment. Second, according to earlier literature ALMPs can also decrease employment probabilities of non-participant jobseekers. Consideration of these kind of side effects is vital if the goal is to evaluate net effects of ALMPs. Displacement effects of ALMPs is examined using modified Layard-Nickell model as theoretical framework, surveying earlier literature regarding the topic and finally, with empirical analysis.\nEmpirical analysis is implemented using yearly panel dataset of Finnish municipalities over the period 2008\u20132018. Data are analysed using static fixed effects model and dynamic generalized method of moments (GMM) model with instrumental variables (IVs). Fixed effects estimates show that subsidised employment and training measures are negatively associated with regular employment. The relationship of employment and ALMPs is simultaneous i.e. employment level can affect ALMP volumes and vice versa. Therefore, observed associations from fixed effects model suffer from endogeneity bias and it cannot be concluded whether observed negative associations are result of displacement effects or barely result of the simultaneous nature of ALMPs and employment. Endogeneity problem is tackled with IV method (GMM), but the GMM estimates are not valid due to invalid instruments.\nFindings of the empirical analysis is comparable to earlier macroeconomic literature, which suggests that displacement effects associated with subsidised employment are significant. Firm level studies contradict with this finding since they suggest that wage subsidies are not associated with displacement effects. Therefore, further research of the topic is still needed in the future because both macroeconomic studies and firm level studies have certain limitations which could be improved.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-05-30T16:16:50Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-30T16:16:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "75", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "active labour market policies", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "displacement effects", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Displacement effects of active labour market policies", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202105303309", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taloustiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Economics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "2041", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ulkoisvaikutukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ty\u00f6llisyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ty\u00f6markkinat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tuettu ty\u00f6llistyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "externalities", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "employment", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "labour market", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "subsidised employment", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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