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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Jaakkola, Timo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "V\u00e4nttinen, Tomi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Fr\u00f6berg, Fredrik", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-05-27T14:02:27Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-05-27T14:02:27Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/76002", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Moukarinheitto on motorisista perustaidoista koostuva suoritus, jonka tekniikan menestyksek\u00e4s omaksuminen vaatii vuosien taitoharjoittelun. Motorisen taidon ohella hyv\u00e4n heitt\u00e4j\u00e4n fyysinen suorituskyky tulee olla lajin vaatimalla tasolla. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n taidoiltaan eri tasolla olevien aikuismiesmoukarinheitt\u00e4jien eroja lihasaktivointimallin ja moukarin liikeradan suhteen.\nTutkimuksen kolme taitotasoryhm\u00e4\u00e4 olivat aloittelijat, kansallinen-, ja kansainv\u00e4linen ryhm\u00e4. Jokaisessa ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 oli kolme heitt\u00e4j\u00e4\u00e4 (n=9). Aloittelijoille toteutettiin 5\u20137 harjoituskerran valmennusjakso muiden heitt\u00e4jien osallistuessa pelk\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n tutkimusmittauksiin. Kaikki osallistujat heittiv\u00e4t kymmenen nelj\u00e4n py\u00f6r\u00e4hdyksen heittoa vastap\u00e4iv\u00e4\u00e4n py\u00f6rien. Heitot kuvattiin kahdella j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4kameralla (Panasonic Lumix DC-GH5s, Osaka, Japani) kuvanopeudella 240 kuvaa/s ja EMG-signaali taltioitiin pinta-EMG-laitteistolla (Delsys Trigno\u2122 Avanti Platform, Massachusetts, USA). Mittaukset suoritettiin sis\u00e4harjoituspaikoilla Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n Hipposhallissa ja Tampereen Pirkkahallissa. Aineistosta tehtiin 3D-liikeanalyysi (Simi Motion 2D/3D v.9.2.1, Unterschleissheim, Saksa) ja EMG-analyysi tehtiin suhteuttamalla lihasten aktiivisuus lihaskohtaisesti heitt\u00e4j\u00e4n omaan heiton aikaiseen maksimaaliseen EMG-aktivaatioon (0\u2013100 % maksimiaktivaatiosta). Tuloksissa pyrittiin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n eri taitotason heitt\u00e4jien eroja ja yht\u00e4l\u00e4isyyksi\u00e4 moukarin liikeradassa ja lihasaktivaatiossa.\n3D-liikeanalyysin mukaan heitt\u00e4jien suoritusvarmuus parani taitotason my\u00f6t\u00e4. Heiton l\u00e4ht\u00f6parametreista l\u00f6ytyi yhteys heiton simulaatiopituuden kanssa l\u00e4ht\u00f6nopeudessa (r=0,988; p=0,000) ja l\u00e4ht\u00f6kulmassa (r=0,847; p=0,000). Kansainv\u00e4linen ja kansallinen ryhm\u00e4 erottuivat lihasaktivaatiomalliltaan selv\u00e4sti aloittelijoista. Suhteellisesti korkein lihasaktivaatiotaso ilmeni kansallisen tason heitt\u00e4jien keskuudessa. Taidoltaan ja tuloksiltaan parhaiden heitt\u00e4jien erityispiirre oli kokonaisvaltainen alavartalon lihasten ty\u00f6skentely ja muita ryhmi\u00e4 suhteellisesti aktiivisempi lihasaktiivisuus heiton yhden jalan tukivaiheissa. \nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tulokset antavat uuden n\u00e4k\u00f6kulman moukarinheittotaidon analysointiin. Tulokset osoittivat, ett\u00e4 liikunnallisesti aktiivisista nuorista miehist\u00e4 muodostettu aloittelijoiden ryhm\u00e4 kykeni saavuttamaan v\u00e4ltt\u00e4v\u00e4n suoritusvarmuuden 5\u20137 kerran harjoitusjakson aikana, mutta taidon lopulliseen omaksumiseen tarvitaan pidempi harjoitusjakso. Kyseisen harjoitusjakson aikana aloittelijat saavuttivat muiden ryhmien kanssa vertailukelpoiset arvot moukarin p\u00e4\u00e4n kulkemassa kokonaismatkassa ja kahden tuen vaiheen suhteellisessa kestossa. N\u00e4m\u00e4 heiton lopputuloksen kannalta t\u00e4rkein\u00e4 pidetyt muuttujat eiv\u00e4t siten erotelleet tasoryhmi\u00e4 toisistaan. L\u00e4ht\u00f6kulman vahva korrelaatio heiton pituuden kanssa sen sijaan viittaa siihen, ett\u00e4 kulman tuottaminen on taitoon liittyv\u00e4 merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 tekij\u00e4 moukarinheitossa. EMG-analyysi osoitti, ett\u00e4 taitotasoltaan ja fyysisilt\u00e4 ominaisuuksiltaan hyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 heitt\u00e4j\u00e4ll\u00e4 yksitt\u00e4iset lihakset aktivoituvat heiton aikana p\u00e4\u00e4osan aikaa suhteellisen v\u00e4h\u00e4n verrattuna heiton aikaiseen maksimitasoon. Yhden tuen vaiheen aikainen lihastoiminta n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi olevan asia, joka erottaa kansainv\u00e4lisen tason heitt\u00e4j\u00e4n kansallisen tason heitt\u00e4j\u00e4st\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen otoskoko j\u00e4i menetelmien raskauden vuoksi pieneksi, joten jatkotutkimuksia tarvitaan ennen kuin tulokset ovat yleistett\u00e4viss\u00e4 koskemaan moukarinheittoa laajemmin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Hammer throw is a track and field event that requires years of training to adapt the technique successfully. A good performance consists of great motor skill and specific physical performance characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine differences in muscle activation and throwing technique in different skill levels of the adult male hammer throw. \nThe three different skill level groups used in this study were beginner, national and international level groups. There were three throwers in each group (n=9). The beginner throwers had a practice phase of 5\u20137 training sessions but the higher-level throwers only participated in testing sessions. All the participants performed ten four anticlockwise turn throws. The throws were recorded in 240 fps with two MFT digital cameras (Panasonic Lumix DC-GH5S, Osaka, Japan), and the EMG-signal was recorded with a surface-EMG equipment (Delsys Trigno\u2122 Avanti Platform, Massachusetts, USA). The testing event took place on indoor throwing platforms located in Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 (Hipposhalli) and Tampere (Pirkkahalli). A 3D-motion analysis was made on the hammer head movement with Simi Motion 2D/3D v.9.2.1-programme (Simi reality motion systems, Unterschleissheim, Germany) and the EMG signal was modified and analyzed for each throw and muscle in relation to maximal EMG activity during the measured throw (0-100% of muscle activation). The analyzed data was used to find similarities and differences in the 3D-analysis and muscle activation between the skill groups. \nThe 3D-analyzis revealed that the variation decreases as the skill level increased. A strong correlation was found between the release speed (r=0,988; p=0,000), release angle (r=0,847; p=0,000) and the calculated length of the throw. The national and international levels throwers differed significantly from the beginner level throwers in muscle activation. The highest relative muscle activations were commonly detected in the group of national level throwers. The highest skilled throwers stood out from the rest with an overall activation (and relaxation) throughout the throw, especially visible in the single leg support phase. \nThis study gives a new viewpoint of the hammer throw skill level and technique analysis. The beginners (physically active young men) were able to improve level of performance after 5\u20137 training sessions, but the final skill adaption would require more practice. In this short time the beginner throwers produced a double support phase and a path of the hammer head that was on the same level with higher skill level throwers. It appears that these factors were worse than initially expected to distinguish the different skill groups, and higher skill level throwers excel in other areas of the throw. The strong correlation between the release angle and the distance of the throws indicate that producing the optimal angle in hammer throw is a significant motor skill in hammer throwing. According to the EMG analysis it appears that the amount of muscle activation that an individual muscle produces in relation to its maximal activation is most of the time quite low during the throw among the international level throwers. The other factor that separates the highest-level throwers from the rest is the activation in the single leg support phase. The sample size in this study was small due to the intricate methodology. Future research should include a larger sample size to gain a greater understanding in the muscle activity of the hammer throw. Generalization with the results of this study should be done with caution.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-05-27T14:02:27Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-27T14:02:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "128", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Heittotaidon omaksuminen miesten moukarinheitossa : kolmen eritasoisen ryhm\u00e4n biomekaaninen analyysi", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202105273250", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntapedagogiikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Physical Education Teacher Education", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "community", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "502", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "oppiminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "elektromyografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomekaniikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "taidot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "moukarinheitto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lajitaidot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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