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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Cronin, Neil", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Juutinen, Taija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Outinen, Pietari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-05-10T05:45:18Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-05-10T05:45:18Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/75388", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 mitk\u00e4 tekij\u00e4t juoksun ja maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n vaiheista m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4v\u00e4t vauhdinjuoksun aikaisen energian tehokkaan siirron hyppykorkeudeksi ja miten n\u00e4m\u00e4 eroavat miesten ja naisten v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Aiemmin k\u00e4ytetyt seiv\u00e4shypyn tutkimusmenetelm\u00e4t ovat olleet hitaita toteuttaa ja rajoittaneet muun muassa tutkittavien henkil\u00f6iden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4, jota pyrittiin t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen menetelm\u00e4valinnoilla korjaamaan.\nTutkimuksessa analysoitiin 2d-liikeanalyysill\u00e4 Birminghamin vuoden 2018 hallimaailmanmestaruuskilpailuiden seiv\u00e4shypp\u00e4\u00e4jien (n=26) parhaiden suoritusten vauhdinjuoksua ja maastal\u00e4ht\u00f6\u00e4. Osallistujista 15 oli miehi\u00e4 ja 11 naisia. Hypp\u00e4\u00e4jien suoritukset kuvattiin kahdesta kuvakulmasta, joista liikedata tallennettiin neuroverkkopohjaisella kuvantunnistusmenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 ja suuoralla lineaarisella muunnoksella. Menetelm\u00e4n toimivuus varmistettiin muun muassa laskemalla samasta kilpailusta aiemmin tehdyn tutkimuksen muuttujia t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen vastaaviin muuttujiin. Vauhdinjuoksusta ja maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6st\u00e4 laskettiin 12 muuttujaa, sek\u00e4 yksi suorituskykymuuttuja analysointia varten. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin muuttujien v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 korrelaatioita, miesten ja naisten tekniikan eroavaisuuksia sek\u00e4 mallinnettiin muuttujien yhteisvaikutusta suorituskykymuuttujaan.\nNelj\u00e4 kesken\u00e4\u00e4n korreloivaa maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n muuttujaa yhdistettiin kuvaamaan maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n tekniikkaa. Tekniikkamuuttuja sai suuria arvoja, kun seip\u00e4\u00e4seen t\u00f6rm\u00e4ys tapahtui heti ponnistuskontaktin alkaessa (aikainen t\u00f6rm\u00e4ys), jolloin muun muassa yl\u00e4k\u00e4den otekohta oli selke\u00e4sti ponnistusjalan k\u00e4rjen takana, seiv\u00e4s taipui voimakkaasti maassa ja massakeskipiste nousi yl\u00f6sp\u00e4in. Vastaavasti pieni\u00e4 arvoja muuttuja sai, kun t\u00f6rm\u00e4ys tapahtui kontaktin lopussa (my\u00f6h\u00e4inen t\u00f6rm\u00e4ys), jolloin yl\u00e4k\u00e4den otekohta oli ponnistusjalan k\u00e4rjen etupuolella, seiv\u00e4s ei juurikaan taipunut maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6ss\u00e4 ja massakeskipiste pysyi korkeudeltaan paikallaan. Energiansiirtokyky heikkeni juoksunopeuden kasvaessa sek\u00e4 miehill\u00e4 (r = -0,779, p < 0.01) ett\u00e4 naisilla (r = -0,864, p < 0.01), sek\u00e4 miehill\u00e4 oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isesti huonompi energiansiirto kuin naisilla (-3 %, t (-2,235), p < 0,05). Yleisess\u00e4 energiansiirron regressiomallissa (R^2 = 0.639) suurin positiivinen vaikutus tuli maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n horisontaalisen nopeuden s\u00e4ilytyksest\u00e4 (b = 0,728) ja aikaisen t\u00f6rm\u00e4yksen tekniikasta (b=0,662). Miesten regressiomallin (R^2 = 0.752) kertoimet vastasivat p\u00e4\u00e4osin yleist\u00e4 mallia, mutta painotti enemm\u00e4n maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n tekniikkaa (b = 0,834), kuin nopeuden s\u00e4ilymist\u00e4 (b = 0,799). Naisilla malli (R^2 = 0.984) painotti eniten juoksun muuttujien negatiivista vaikutusta (askelpituus b = -1,673 ja askeltiheys b = -1,280).\nNaisten keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isesti parempaa energiansiirtoa selitt\u00e4\u00e4 mahdollisesti heid\u00e4n k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ns\u00e4 matalampi suhteellinen otekorkeus, joka voisi tarjota paremmat edellytykset seip\u00e4\u00e4n ojentumisvaiheen energianpalautukseen. Energiansiirto heikkenee nopeuden kasvaessa, mutta energiansiirtoon voidaan vaikuttaa positiivisesti pyrkim\u00e4ll\u00e4 mahdollisimman aikaiseen t\u00f6rm\u00e4ykseen ponnistuskontaktin aikana, jolla viel\u00e4 s\u00e4ilytet\u00e4\u00e4n horisontaalinen nopeus mahdollisimman hyvin. Naisten osalta energiansiirto heikkenee teknisist\u00e4 valinnoista huolimatta nopeuden kasvaessa, mutta miehill\u00e4 t\u00e4t\u00e4 ei havaittu. Syyn\u00e4 t\u00e4lle voisi olla, ett\u00e4 miesten suurempi nopeus heikent\u00e4\u00e4 kyky\u00e4 suorittaa energiansiirrolle positiivista maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n tekniikkaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n pohjalta voisi p\u00e4\u00e4tell\u00e4, ett\u00e4 tulevaisuudessa ylivertainen urheilija voisi olla sellainen, joka pystyy suuresta nopeudesta huolimatta suorittamaan hitaampiin urheilijoihin verrattavan tehokkaan maastal\u00e4hd\u00f6n.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The purpose of this study was to determine which factors from run-up and take-off phases determine effective energy conversion from run-up to a cleared height and how these factors differ between men and women. Methods used in pole vault studies in the past have been slow to implement which has led to a reduced number of participants used in studies. Method choices in this study are aimed to solve the problems from methods used in previous studies.\n2d-motion analysis was used in this study to analyse run-up and take-off properties of pole vaulters (n=26) best jump from 2018 Birmingham world indoor championships. 15 of the participants were men and 11 were women. The performances of the athletes were filmed from two angles from which the motion data was created using neural network-based image recognition and direct linear transformation. The functionality of the method was ensured by comparing corresponding variable values from this method to the variable values used in previous study from the same competition. 12 variables from run-up and take-off were calculated as well as one performance variable for the analysis. Correlations between variables, differences between men and women, and combined effect of the variables to the performance were explored.\nFour correlated take-off variables were combined to describe the take-off technique. The variable had high values when athlete performed early plant during take-off contact, top grip was behind take-off foot-tip, pole bended heavily before contact take-off and centre of gravity rose upwards. Correspondingly small values were obtained when the late plant was performed during the take-off contact, top grip was on the front of the take-off foot-tip, pole barely bending before contact take-off and centre of gravity remained similar in vertical position. Energy conversion decreased as the athlete\u2019s velocity increased both in men (r = -0,779, p < 0.01) and women (r = -0,864, p < 0.01), and men had on average worse energy conversion (-3 %, t (-2,235), p < 0,05). In the general regression model (R^2 = 0.639), the largest positive effect came from the preservation of the horizontal velocity during take-off (b = 0,728) and take-off technique that favoured early plant (b=0,662). Men\u2019s models (R^2 = 0.752) coefficients corresponded to the general model but favoured more the similar take-off technique (b = 0,834) than the preservation of velocity (b = 0,799). In women, the model (R^2 = 0.984) emphasized the most the negative effect of running variables (step length b = -1,673 and step rate b = -1,280).\nOn average better energy conversion of women could be explained by the use of lower relative grip height which could provide better conditions to energy return in the pole straightening phase. Energy conversion decreases with increasing velocity but the energy conversion could be positively affected by striving for an earlier plant which still maintains as much as the horizontal velocity as possible. For women, energy conversion decreases with increasing speed regardless of the technical choices, but this was not observed in men. Reason for this could be that the higher velocities impair the ability to perform beneficial take-off technique for the energy conversion. Based on this, it could be concluded that in the future, a superior athlete might be the one that could perform despite high velocity an effective take-off comparable to slower athletes.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-05-10T05:45:18Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-10T05:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "68", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biomechanical analysis", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biomekaaninen analyysi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "markerless", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "deep learning", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "syv\u00e4oppiminen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Determining the relationship between run-up and take-off characteristics and performance in top level pole vaulters using deep learning based markerless motion capture", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202105102682", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, 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