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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Hirvonen, Onni", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "R\u00e4is\u00e4nen, Ilmari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-03-01T06:43:13Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-03-01T06:43:13Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/74426", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tiedon kriteerit j\u00e4sent\u00e4v\u00e4t k\u00e4sityst\u00e4mme tieteellisest\u00e4 tutkimuksesta sek\u00e4 filosofiasta. Useimmiten tiet\u00e4misen katsotaan edellytt\u00e4v\u00e4n k\u00e4sitelt\u00e4v\u00e4n v\u00e4itteen uskomista, hyv\u00e4\u00e4 perustelemista sek\u00e4 totuutta. Tutkimukseni ydinongelmaksi osoittautui kriteerien: \u201ctotuus\u201d sek\u00e4 \u201chyv\u00e4 perustelu\u201d, merkitysten selvitt\u00e4minen ja yhteensopiviksi m\u00e4\u00e4ritteleminen. Klassisen totuusk\u00e4sityksen mukaan totuutta arvioidaan sill\u00e4 perusteella, ett\u00e4 ovatko v\u00e4itteet vastaavuudessa todellisuuden kanssa. Klassinen totuusk\u00e4sitys edellytt\u00e4\u00e4 k\u00e4sityst\u00e4: \u201ctodellisuudesta\u201d, eli realistista kannanottoa. Lis\u00e4ksi se edellytt\u00e4\u00e4 subjektin mieless\u00e4\u00e4n esitt\u00e4mi\u00e4 v\u00e4itteit\u00e4 todellisuudesta. T\u00e4m\u00e4n erottelun subjektin ja todellisuuden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 sanotaan tekev\u00e4n totuudesta objektiivista. Klassisessa tiedon m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4ss\u00e4 n\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n soveltavan yhten\u00e4 kriteerin\u00e4 juuri klassista totuusk\u00e4sityst\u00e4. \n\nKlassisen totuusk\u00e4sityksen haastamiseksi on esitetty argumentti episteemisen totuusk\u00e4sityksen puolesta. Totuuden m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4ksi tarjotaan perusteltua v\u00e4itett\u00e4vyytt\u00e4. Totuutta ei voi arvioida objektiivisesti, eli subjektin ja totuuden v\u00e4lisen\u00e4 vastaavuutena. Sen sijaan episteemiseen totuusk\u00e4sitykseen vetoavan tulee pid\u00e4tt\u00e4yty\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmaan sidotussa totuudessa ja kustakin n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta tarjottujen perusteiden arvioimisessa. Argumentoin, ett\u00e4 episteeminen totuusk\u00e4sitys ei ole kuitenkaan yhteensopiva klassisen tiedon m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4n kanssa. Yhteensopimattomuus seuraa siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 termille: \u201ctotuus\u201d, annettu m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4: \u201cperusteltu v\u00e4itett\u00e4vyys\u201d, on synonyymi toisen tiedon kriteerin, eli: \u201chyvien perustelujen\u201d, kanssa. Olen kuitenkin samaa mielt\u00e4 siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 totuus on v\u00e4ist\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmaan sidottua. Pyrkimyksen\u00e4ni on m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmaan sidottu totuusk\u00e4sitys, joka on sovitettavissa tiedon m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4\u00e4n ilman, ett\u00e4 luovutaan kolmesta tiedon kriteerist\u00e4: \u201cuskomus, hyv\u00e4 perustelu ja totuus\u201d. \n\nObjektiivisen totuusk\u00e4sityksen ongelma on tietoa tuottavien subjektien v\u00e4listen suhteiden huomiotta j\u00e4tt\u00e4minen. Tiedosta tehd\u00e4\u00e4n henkil\u00f6kohtainen suhde objektiivisen todellisuuden kanssa. Totuuden sitominen n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta riippuvaiseksi edellytt\u00e4\u00e4 subjektin ja todellisuuden v\u00e4lisen kahtiajaon uudelleen arviointia. Nojaudun argumentissani subjektin sek\u00e4 todellisuuden v\u00e4lisen suhteen tarkastelemisen sijaan intersubjektiivisuuteen. Totuuden merkityksen ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4minen edellytt\u00e4\u00e4 tietoa tuottavien subjektien v\u00e4listen suhteiden tarkastelemista. Tutkimukseni johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6s on, ett\u00e4 totuus merkitsee tietoa tuottavien subjektien v\u00e4list\u00e4 rehellisyytt\u00e4. Arjessa totuuteen viitataankin usein valehtelun yhteydess\u00e4 tai valehteluun varautuessa. Valehteleminen ja ep\u00e4aitojen todisteiden esitt\u00e4minen ei ole vierasta my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n tieteellisen tutkimuksen tekij\u00f6ille. Totuudessa pysyminen on sit\u00e4, kun uskomukset sek\u00e4 hyv\u00e4t perustelut v\u00e4littyv\u00e4t subjektilta toiselle rehellisesti. Ehdotukseni totuuden m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4lle on sovitettavissa klassisen tiedon m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4n kriteereihin ilman klassisen totuusk\u00e4sityksen ja subjekti\u2013objekti erottelun hyv\u00e4ksymist\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2021-03-01T06:43:13Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-01T06:43:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "38", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "foundationalismi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "normatiivinen naturalismi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "intersubjektivismi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "klassinen tiedon m\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Kiista tiedon kriteereist\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "bachelor thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202103011794", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Bachelor's thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Kandidaatinty\u00f6", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Yhteiskuntatieteiden ja filosofian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Filosofia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Philosophy", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "bachelorThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "201", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "pragmatismi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "skeptisismi", "language": 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