| fullrecord |
[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ilmakunnas, Seija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Junttila, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Hein\u00e4nen, Eveliina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-12-16T08:01:46Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-12-16T08:01:46Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/73239", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, millaisia vaikutuksia v\u00e4est\u00f6n ik\u00e4\u00e4ntymisell\u00e4 on valtion el\u00e4kemenoihin ja velkaantumiseen. Julkisen el\u00e4kej\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n rahoittaminen on her\u00e4tt\u00e4nyt huolta useassa teollisuusmaissa, kun suuret ik\u00e4luokat ovat alkaneet siirty\u00e4 el\u00e4kkeelle. Samaan aikaan syntyvyys on pysynyt matalalla tasolla, kun taas elinajanodote jatkaa nousuaan. Aiemmassa kirjallisuudessa on perusteltu tarvetta julkisen el\u00e4kej\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n uudistuksille, jotta el\u00e4kej\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n rahoitus olisi kest\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 pohjalla v\u00e4est\u00f6n ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4. \n\nTutkielman empiirisess\u00e4 osassa tarkastellaan, kuinka ty\u00f6ik\u00e4iseen v\u00e4est\u00f6\u00f6n verrattuna yli 64-vuotiaiden osuuden muutos on vaikuttanut julkisiin el\u00e4kemenoihin ja valtion velkaan 22 OECD maassa vuosina 1985-2018. Koska ty\u00f6markkinoilla on ollut merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 vaikutus el\u00e4kej\u00e4rjestelmien rakenteeseen ja uudistustarpeisiin, tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan my\u00f6s ty\u00f6tt\u00f6myyden suoraa yhteytt\u00e4 valtion talouteen. \n\nTulosten perusteella ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 v\u00e4est\u00f6ll\u00e4 on vaikutusta valtion velkaantumiseen. El\u00e4kemenoissa positiivinen vaikutus ei ole tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 kyseisell\u00e4 aikaperiodilla. 22 OECD maan aineistoon kuuluva Japani on poikkeuksellinen maa, koska maassa yli 64-vuotiaiden suhteellinen osuus ty\u00f6ik\u00e4isiin verrattuna on suuri ja valtion velka on korkealla tasolla suhteessa muihin teollisuusmaihin. Maan poistaminen aineistosta heikent\u00e4\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4n v\u00e4est\u00f6n vaikutusta valtion velkaan eik\u00e4 vaikutus ole tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4 j\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4ville teollisuusmaille. Lis\u00e4ksi muiden maiden kuin Japanin osalta ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneell\u00e4 v\u00e4est\u00f6ll\u00e4 n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 olevan positiivinen vaikutus el\u00e4kemenoihin. Ty\u00f6tt\u00f6myys vaikuttaa my\u00f6s positiivisesti ja tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti el\u00e4kemenoihin n\u00e4iss\u00e4 maissa. \n\nTutkielma osoittaa, ett\u00e4 julkisen el\u00e4kej\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n uudistamista tulee harkita maakohtaisesti. Osassa OECD maista v\u00e4est\u00f6n ik\u00e4\u00e4ntymisell\u00e4 on yhteys el\u00e4kemenojen kasvuun. Kuten aiempi empiirinen tutkimus ja ennusteet demografisesta muutoksesta osoittavat, t\u00e4ll\u00e4 hetkell\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4n v\u00e4est\u00f6n vaikutus julkisen talouden kest\u00e4vyyteen ei ole niin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 kuin se saattavat olla tulevaisuudessa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "This thesis considers effects of population aging on pension expenditures and public debt. Large generations are retiring while fertility rate has remained at low level and life expectancy is rising, which will concern the sustainability of public finances. Earlier empirical research has been argued that public pension systems might need reforms in order to finance the pension expenditures sustainably in the future.\n\nIn empirical research I consider the effects of the population aging on the government pension expenditures and the public debt in 22 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The empirical methodology used in this thesis is the general methods of moments (GMM).\n\nResults show that the old age dependency ratio has a positive and statistically significant effect on the public debt. When Japan is excluded from the data, results are no longer statistically significant. Japan seems to be exceptional country due to its high old age dependency ratio and high debt level. In the case of pension expenditures, it seems that in other OECD countries than Japan the effect of older age structure is positive and significant on the pension expenditures. Unemployment also has a positive and statistically significant effect on the pension expenditures.\n\nThe population aging seems to have some effects on the pension expenditures in developed countries. Thesis emphasizes that reforms of the public pension system should be considered for every country individually.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-12-16T08:01:46Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-16T08:01:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "58", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "population aging", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "public pension system", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pension expenditures", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Population aging and public economy in OECD countries", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202012167184", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taloustiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Economics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "2041", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "julkinen talous", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "el\u00e4kkeet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "OECD-maat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "julkinen velka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "public finances", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ageing", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "pensions", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "OECD countries", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "public debt", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
|