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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Pettersson, Mika", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kaaripuro, Henri", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-24T11:48:26Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-24T11:48:26Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/70424", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n Pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena oli tutkia grafeenin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 biologisessa havainnoinnissa. Tutkielman\nteoreettinen osio aloitettiin lyhyella katsauksella grafeenin fysikaalisista ominaisuuksista. Osiossa\nesiteltiiny lyhyesti kaksi erilaista mittausasetelmaa: kanavatransistori ja usean elektrodin asetelma.\nTeoreettinen osio p\u00e4\u00e4tettiin esittelem\u00e4ll\u00e4 kanavatransistorien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 biologisten molekyylien ja elektrogeenisten\nsolujen havainnoinnissa, sek\u00e4 niiden hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4mist\u00e4 neurobiologiassa.\nKokeellisessa osiosa tutkittiin grafeenin kyky\u00e4 sammuttaa fluoresenssia p\u00e4\u00e4llyst\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 se biotinyloidulla\nnaudan seerumin albumiinilla (engl. bovine serum albumin), jonka biotiineihin kiinnitettiin avidiinia,\njohon oli kovalenttisesti sidottu v\u00e4riainetta (fluoresiini isotiosyanaatti). Avidiini on proteiini, joka sitoutuu\ntiukasti biotiiniin. Molemmilla tutkituilla grafeenialueilla oli ruudukko kaksifotonihapetettua grafeenioksidia,\njoista eri ruutuja oli s\u00e4teilytetty eri parametrien mukaisesti. Lis\u00e4ksi eri alueilla sijaitsevilla\nruuduilla oli eri leveydet. Osio pohjustettiin teoreettisella katsauksella mittaustekniikoista, naudan seerumin\nalbumiinin kiinnittymisest\u00e4 pintoihin, ja fluoresenssin sammumisesta sek\u00e4 yleisesti ett\u00e4 grafeenin\ntapauksessa. N\u00e4ytett\u00e4 tutkittiin ennen proteiinilla p\u00e4\u00e4llyst\u00e4mist\u00e4 ja sen j\u00e4lkeen optisella mikroskopialla,\natomivoimamikroskopialla ja Raman-spektroskopialla. Proteiinilla p\u00e4\u00e4llyst\u00e4misen j\u00e4lkeen n\u00e4ytett\u00e4 tutkittiin\nmy\u00f6s fluoresenssin elinaika -mikroskopialla.\nGrafeenin integroitujen D- ja G-piikkien suhdetta (I(D)/I(G)) pidettiin materiaalin ep\u00e4j\u00e4rjestyksen mittarina.\nSen havaittiin kasvavan s\u00e4teilytysparametrien, laserpulssin energian ja s\u00e4teilytysajan, kasvaessa.\nI(D)/I(G) kasvaessa hapetettujen neli\u00f6iden korkeuden havaittiin kasvavan, odotusten mukaisesti, mutta\nmy\u00f6s s\u00e4teilytetyn pinta-alan havaittiin vaikuttavan niiden korkeuteen. Fluoresenssin keskiarvoisen elinajan\nhavaittiin riippuvan suoraan hapetetun neli\u00f6n korkeudesta, ja Pearsonin R -arvo 0,95 saavutettiin\nmolempien ruudukkojen lineaarisille sovituksille. Sovituksien kulmakertoimien ja leikkauspisteiden havaittiin\neroavan merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti kesken\u00e4\u00e4n, mik\u00e4 viittaa neli\u00f6iden pinta-alan vaikutukseen. Tilanne neli\u00f6iden\npinnalla vastaa todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti monien eri elinaikojen jakaumaa, joka aiheutuu v\u00e4riainemolekyylien\nmonista eri asennoista ja et\u00e4isyyksist\u00e4 grafeenin pinnasta. Kaksi lineaarisesti k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyv\u00e4\u00e4 elinaikakomponenttia\npystyttiin erittelem\u00e4\u00e4n, mutta kolmas komponentti on ylisovittava.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The aim of this Master\u2019s thesis was to study the application of graphene in biological sensing. The theoretical\nsection is set up with a short overview of the basic physical properties of graphene. Two different\nmeasurement configurations, field effect transistor and multielectrode array, are discussed briefly. The\nremaining section covers the detection of different biological molecules and electrogenic cells using the\ntransistor setup, and application of these devices in neurobiology.\nIn the experimental section, fluorescence quenching properties of graphene were studied by coating the\nmaterial with biotinylated bovine serum albumin, which had a dye molecule (fluorescein isothiocyanate)\nbound to it via avidin. Avidin is a protein which binds strongly to biotin. The studied areas of graphene\ncontained two grids of two-photon oxidized graphene squares: different squares having different irradiation\nparameters, and different grids having squares of differing width. The section begins with a\ntheoretical review of the measurement techniques, surface adsorption of bovine serum albumin, and fluorescence\nquenching in general as well as in the case of graphene. The sample was studied before and\nafter protein functionalization by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy,\nand by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy after protein functionalization.\nThe ratio of graphene\u2019s integrated D and G bands (I(D)/I(G)) is used as a measure of disorder in\nthe material. I(D/)I(G) was found to depend somewhat linearly on irradiation parameters, laser pulse\nenergy and irradiation time. The height of the oxidized squares was found to increase nonlinearly as\nI(D)/I(G) did, as expected, but it was also noted to be affected by the size of the irradiated area. The\naverage fluorescence lifetime was found to be linearly dependent on the square height, and Pearson's\nR value 0.95 for measurements on both grids were achieved. The interception and slope values of the\nfits were largely different, implying that the square area has an effect on the behavior. The situation at\nhand is most likely a distribution of lifetimes, brought up by the dye molecules residing at many varying\ndistances from the graphene. Two linearly behaving lifetimes could also be extracted, but a third one is\nfilling the fit with barely a sign of determinism, indicating overfitting.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-24T11:48:26Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-24T11:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "121", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "FLIM", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "lifetime", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Raman", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "two photon oxidized", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "FET", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "field effect transistor", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Graphene-based devices for biological sensing", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006244614", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Fysikaalinen kemia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Physical Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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