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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Junttila, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Tolonen, Tuukka", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-18T06:28:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-18T06:28:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/70055", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 pro-gradu -tutkielmassa syvennyt\u00e4\u00e4n OECD-maiden velkaantumisen kest\u00e4vyyteen. Valtioiden velkaantuminen on ollut viime vuosikymmenet suuressa kasvussa. On julkisyhteydellisesti hy\u00f6dyllist\u00e4 keskustella yksitt\u00e4isen valtioiden kyvyst\u00e4 selvit\u00e4 alati kasvavista velkataakoistaan, etenkin kun Euroopan Unionin kasvu- ja vakaussopimuksen m\u00e4\u00e4rittelemi\u00e4 vuosittaisia rajoituksia alij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4lle (3%) ja julkisen velan ja BKT:n suhteelle (60%) on erityisesti 2010-luvulla rikottu lukuisten j\u00e4senmaiden toimesta. Tutkimuksessa k\u00e4ytetty aineisto kattaa vuodet 1980-2017 ja tutkimuksen kohteina on 19 eri OECD-maata. \n\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n tarkastelemaan OECD-maiden velkaantumisen kest\u00e4vyytt\u00e4 kasvu- ja vakaussopimusten asettamien rajoitteiden yli. Tutkimuskysymyksin\u00e4 kysyt\u00e4\u00e4n, onko valtioiden velkaantuminen kest\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s 60%:n velkasuhteen yl\u00e4puolella ja pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n vastaamaan my\u00f6s kysymykseen, milloin valtioiden velkaantuminen ei en\u00e4\u00e4 ole kest\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4? \n\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tutkitaan valtion velkaantumiseen esitettyj\u00e4 kysymyksi\u00e4 erityisesti Bohnin (2007) kest\u00e4v\u00e4n velan polun ja Endersin ja Grangerin (1998) kehitt\u00e4m\u00e4n ja Chenin (2014) soveltaman TAR-mallin avulla. Laajennamme TAR-mallia ottamaan huomioon ulkopuolisen raja-arvomuuttujan ja useamman selitt\u00e4v\u00e4n muuttujan (TVAR). TVAR:n avulla m\u00e4\u00e4ritell\u00e4\u00e4n k\u00e4ytetylle regiimimuuttujalle maakohtaiset raja-arvot, joiden ymp\u00e4rill\u00e4 tarkastelemme valtioiden velkasuhteen ja vajesuhteen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 soveltaen Bohnin (2005;2007) ja Trehanin ja Walshin (1989;1991) ajatuksia intertemporaalisen budjettirajoitteen pit\u00e4vyydest\u00e4. Cochrane (2019) ja Junttila (2019) motivoivat ottavaan intertemporaalisen budjettirajoitteen kest\u00e4vyystarkasteluun mukaan tarkasteltaville maille reaalisen talouskasvun ja reaalisen korkotason erotuksen, ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n sit\u00e4 regiimimuuttujana.\n\nTutkimus l\u00f6ysi Kreikan ja Irlannin olevan velkaantumiseltaan kest\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4ll\u00e4 tasolla. Pohjoismaiden Euroopan ulkopuolisten OECD-maiden (erityisesti Yhdysvaltojen ja Japanin) sek\u00e4 Euroopan Unionin j\u00e4senmaista Ranskan, Saksan, Italian ja Hollannin velkaantuminen on kest\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4. Pohjoismaiden ja PIIGS-maiden osalta tutkimustulokset ovat linjassa aikaisemman kirjallisuuden kanssa. Tutkimustulokset puhuvat my\u00f6s sen puolesta, ett\u00e4 kasvu- ja vakaussopimuksessa m\u00e4\u00e4ritelty 60%:n raja velan ja BKT:n suhteelle ei perustu kest\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n velkaantumiseen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-18T06:28:25Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-18T06:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "85", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Intertemporaalinen budjettirajoite", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kest\u00e4v\u00e4 velkaantuminen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "TAR-malli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reaalinen talouskasvu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reaalinen korkotaso", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "yksikk\u00f6juuret", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Valtion velkaantumisen kest\u00e4vyys OECD-maissa", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006184266", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taloustiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Economics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "2041", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "alij\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "velkaantuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "talouskasvu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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