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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Avela, Janne", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Jarske, Heidi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-16T11:21:51Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-16T11:21:51Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69977", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Trans-spinaalinen tasavirtastimulaatio (Ts-DCS) on uusi menetelm\u00e4, mink\u00e4 tarkoituksena on muokata selk\u00e4ytimen nousevien ja laskevien hermoratojen aktiivisuutta. Hermoratojen muokkaaminen voi olla hy\u00f6dyllist\u00e4 erilaisissa patologisissa sairauksissa. Stimulaation tulokset eiv\u00e4t kuitenkaan ole olleet systemaattisia eri tutkimuksissa. Erot voivat johtua stimulaation polariteetista, mutta my\u00f6s stimuloitavan hermon asennosta ja et\u00e4isyydest\u00e4 s\u00e4hk\u00f6kentt\u00e4\u00e4n n\u00e4hden, sen koosta, elektrodien asettelusta sek\u00e4 geneettisest\u00e4 altistuksesta. N\u00e4iden tekij\u00f6iden lis\u00e4ksi hermojen aktiivisuudella stimulaation aikana voi olla merkityst\u00e4 tuotettuun muutokseen. Aikaisemmat tutkimukset ovat antaneet stimulaatiota levon aikana. Johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset levon aikana annetusta stimulaatiosta eiv\u00e4t kuitenkaan kerro, miten stimulaatio vaikuttaa aktiiviseen hermostoon.\n\n\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkielman tarkoitus oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 k\u00e4velyn aikana annetun anodaalisen Ts-DCS;n vaikutuksia spinaaliseen ja kortikospinaaliseen herkkyyteen aktiivisissa tilanteissa. Koehenkil\u00f6it\u00e4 rekrytoitiin tutkimukseen yhteens\u00e4 kahdeksan (8). Anodaalista tai lumestimulaatiota annettiin juoksumatolla k\u00e4velyn aikana kaikissa kolmessa protokollassa. Mittaukset suoritettiin ennen ja j\u00e4lkeen stimulaation. K\u00e4velyn aikana spinaalisen herkkyyden muutoksia tarkasteltiin Hoffmannin refleksin (H-refleksi) avulla, mik\u00e4 yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 Ts-DCS:n antohetken ja mittauksen aikana olleen hermoaktiivisuuden. Muutoksia tarkasteltiin tukivaiheen ajalta kolmesta eri vaiheesta. Seisomisen aikana rekrytointik\u00e4yr\u00e4t rakennettiin niin spinaalisen ja kortikospinaalisen radan osalta ja mitattiin H-refleksin ja transkraniaalisen mageettistimulaation (TMS) avulla. Anodaaliseen ja lumestimulaatioon viitataan protokollissa, jotka sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4t kaikki mittaukset, lyhenteill\u00e4 AG (anodaalinen) ja SG (lume). Anodaalinen protokolla R ei sis\u00e4lt\u00e4nyt k\u00e4velyn aikana mitattua spinaalista herkkyytt\u00e4, koska k\u00e4vely ennen stimulaatiota voi itsess\u00e4\u00e4n vaikuttaa saatuihin tuloksiin. \n\n\nTutkimuksen tulokset viittaavat, ett\u00e4 Ts-DCS ei pystynyt muokkaamaan spinaalista tai kortikospinaalista herkkyytt\u00e4 systemaattisella tavalla. Muutoksia H/M suhteen ei havaittu k\u00e4velyn eik\u00e4 seisomisen aikana. Seisten mitatut Mmax arvot laskivat merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti, mutta muutos oli samankaltainen H-refleksin kanssa. Mmax ei laskenut systemaattisesti k\u00e4velyn alku-, keski-, tai lopputukivaiheen aikana. Protokollassa R seisomisen aikana n\u00e4htiin suuremmat MEP-arvot intensiteetill\u00e4, joka oli 90 % aktiivisesti motorisesta kynnysarvosta (aMT). Intensiteetill\u00e4 120 % aMT muutoksen suunta n\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyi vastakkaisena SG ja R protokollan v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ilman muita merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 tuloksia, vaikka samanlaisesta trendi n\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyi. Yksitt\u00e4isist\u00e4 tuloksista huolimatta, tulokset viittaavat siihen, ett\u00e4 muutokset eiv\u00e4t esiinny systemaattisina normaalin aktiivisuuden aikana. Lis\u00e4tutkimuksia kuitenkin tarvitaan.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Trans-spinal direct current stimulation (Ts-DCS) is a novel method aimed at modulating neural activity in the ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord. Therefore, it may serve as a functional modulator for different pathological conditions. However, the results have not always been consistent across studies. Sources for these discrepancies can range from factors that are not only dependent on stimulation polarity but also of neural orientation, cell size, electrode location and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, activity of the neurons under stimulation may contribute. As previous studies in humans have administered and measured the effects of Ts-DCS during rest, they cannot be taken to reveal modulation effects in active conditions with different underlying neural activity. \n\n\nThis masters\u2019 thesis was conducted to reveal the effects of anodal Ts-DCS administered during gait with protocols that included measurement with matching neural activity. A total of eight (8) subjects participated in three measurement session. Anodal or sham Ts-DCS was administered during treadmill gait with preferred speed in three protocols with measurements pre and post stimulation. During gait with matched neural activity, spinal excitability changes were measured with soleus Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) during three phases of stance. During quiet standing, recruitment curves with H-reflex and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were constructed to reveal Hmax/Mmax and corticospinal excitability modulation across intensities. Anodal and sham stimulation paradigms with all measurements are referred as AG and SG, respectively. Protocol R with anodal Ts-DCS excluded additional gait during spinal excitability measures as gait itself is a possible modulator.\n\n\nResults indicate that anodal Ts-DCS could not induce significant changes in a systematic manner. No changes were revealed for H/M relationship during gait or standing. Although a reduction of Mmax amplitudes were seen in standing conditions, the change was accompanied with concurrent H-reflex depression. No systematic Mmax reduction was found at early, mid or late stance. In protocol R during standing measurement, there was an increase in MEPs at 90 % of active motor threshold (aMT) and a reversal of modulation direction at 120 % aMT between SG and R protocols with no other significant results although a similar trend was visible. Despite individual significant results, it is concluded that the effects of Ts-DCS seem not to affect spinal and corticospinal excitability in a systematic manner that prevails over normal neural activity. However, further research is warranted.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-16T11:21:51Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-16T11:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "86", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Spinal excitability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "corticospinal excitability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "trans-spinal direct current stimulation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effects of trans-spinal direct current stimulation on spinal and corticospinal excitability during gait and quiet standing", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006164210", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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