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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ahtiainen, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Aalto, Antti", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-15T06:36:15Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-15T06:36:15Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69924", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction. It has been long known that there are differences in eccentric and concentric force productions. Moreover, it has been known that eccentric and concentric resistance training effects differently on force production. This thesis is part of a larger study. The purpose of this study was to investigate how maximal eccentric and concentric resistance training effects maximal eccentric and concentric force production and how maximal eccentric training effects maximal concentric force and maximal concentric training on maximal eccentric force production. \n\nMethods. Participants were randomly selected for two intervention groups: one who trained eccentric only (N=11) and one who trained concentric only (N=12). Participants were physically active young men between 21-36 years old. The total number of participants in this study was 23 (N=23). Isokinetic bench press device was used for the trainings and measurements. Angular velocity of the isokinetic bench press was set to 0.2 milliseconds (ms) and the rest period of the bar was set to 2000 ms. Participants went through a ten-week training program. Sets varied from 2-4 and repetitions from 3-4 depending on the phase of the training protocol. \n\nResults. Maximal eccentric force did not improve in this intervention by maximal eccentric resistance training (ecc/ecc). Decline was -146 newtons (p = 0.01; -10.3%) compared to pre measurement. This finding is not according to previous studies. Maximal concentric force increased 12.0%% (109 newtons; p = 0.00) among participants in the maximal concentric training group (con/con). Eccentric training had positive influence on maximal concentric force production (ecc/con) (14.1%; p = 0.03). Maximal concentric force increased 86 newtons in eccentric training group. Maximal eccentric force did not increase in concentric training group (con/ecc) (-31; -2.4%; p = 0.69). Statistically significant difference was observed between ecc/ecc vs. con/con training groups (p = 0.00). \n\nDiscussion. We hypothesized that maximal eccentric resistance training would be associated to increased maximal eccentric force production. This discovery is contradictory to previous studies. One possible explanation for this peculiar outcome can be that the participants were low responders in which strength does not develop as it normally enhances. Another explanation can be that the stimulus of the training protocol was not high enough to give responses in muscle force. This study gives us support that with maximal eccentric resistance training it is possible to enhance maximal concentric strength performance. In addition, maximal concentric resistance training does not enhance eccentric force production. As a practical application it can be said that sports coaches of different sport disciplines, personal trainers and other professionals of sport and health sciences can utilize the information and results of this study in their practical work for enhancing their athletes\u2019 physical performance and wellbeing. It is important to keep in mind that maximal eccentric training does not necessarily develop eccentric force production. Instead, e.g. for cyclists, it can be said that maximal concentric resistance training can enhance their endurance performance.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto. On ollut jo kauan tiedossa, ett\u00e4 eksentrisess\u00e4 ja konsentrisessa voimantuotossa on eroa. Lis\u00e4ksi on tiedetty, ett\u00e4 eksentrinen ja konsentrinen voimaharjoittelu vaikuttavat eri tavoin voimantuottoon. T\u00e4m\u00e4 opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6 on osa laajempaa tutkimusta. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 kuinka maksimaalinen eksentrinen ja konsentrinen voimaharjoittelu vaikuttavat maksimaaliseen eksentriseen ja konsentriseen voimantuottoon ja kuinka maksimaalinen eksentrinen voimaharjoittelu vaikuttaa konsentriseen voimaan ja kuinka maksimaalinen konsentrinen voimaharjoittelu vaikuttaa maksimaaliseen eksentriseen voimantuottoon. Menetelm\u00e4t. Osallistujat valittiin satunnaisesti kahteen interventioryhm\u00e4\u00e4n: yksi, joka harjoitteli vain eksentrisesti (N = 11) ja toiseen, joka harjoitteli vain konsentrisesti (N = 12). Osallistujat olivat fyysisesti aktiivisia nuoria miehi\u00e4 i\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n 21\u201236-vuotiaita. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteens\u00e4 23 (N = 23) henkil\u00f6\u00e4. Harjoituksiin ja mittauksiin k\u00e4ytettiin isokineettist\u00e4 penkkipunnerruslaitetta. Isokineettisen penkkipunnerruslaitteen kulmanopeus s\u00e4\u00e4dettiin 0.2 millisekuntiin (ms) ja tangon lepoaika 2000 millisekuntiin. Osallistujille annettiin 10 viikkoa kest\u00e4v\u00e4 harjoitusohjelma. Sarjat vaihtelivat 2-4 v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ja toistot 3-4 v\u00e4lill\u00e4 riippuen harjoitusjakson vaiheesta. Tulokset. Maksimaalinen eksentrinen voima ei parantunut t\u00e4m\u00e4n intervention aikana maksimaalisen eksentrisen voimaharjoittelun (eks/eks) avulla. Alenema oli -146 newtonia (p = 0.01; -10.3%) verrattuna ensimm\u00e4iseen mittaukseen. T\u00e4m\u00e4 l\u00f6yd\u00f6s ei ole aikaisempien tutkimustulosten mukainen. Maksimaalinen konsentrinen voima kasvoi 12.0 % (109 newtonia; p = 0.00) maksimaalisen konsentrisen voimaharjoitteluryhm\u00e4n osallistujien keskuudessa (kon/kon). Eksentrisell\u00e4 voimaharjoittelulla oli positiivinen vaikutus maksimaaliseen konsentriseen voimantuotoon (eks/kon) (14.1%; p = 0.03). Maksimaalinen konsentrinen voima lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyi 86 newtonia eksentrisell\u00e4 voimaharjoitteluryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4. Maksimaalinen eksentrinen voima ei kasvanut konsentrisella voimaharjoitteluryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4 (con/eks) (-31; -2.4%; p = 0.69). Tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 ero havaittiin eks/eks vs. kon/kon harjoitteluryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p = 0.00). Pohdinta. Hypoteesimme oli, ett\u00e4 maksimaalinen eksentrinen voimaharjoittelu olisi yhteydess\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneeseen maksimaaliseen eksentriseen voimantuottoon. T\u00e4m\u00e4 l\u00f6yd\u00f6s on ristiriidassa aikaisempien tutkimustulosten kanssa. Yksi mahdollinen selitys t\u00e4lle erikoiselle lopputulokselle voi olla se, ett\u00e4 osallistujat olivat heikosti reagoivia, joilla voima ei kehity kuten se normaalisti kehittyisi. Toinen selitys voi olla se, ett\u00e4 harjoitteluprotokollan \u00e4rsyke ei ollut tarpeeksi korkea antamaan vasteita lihasvoimaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus antaa meille tukea siihen, ett\u00e4 maksimaalisella voimaharjoittelulla on mahdollista parantaa maksimaalista konsentrista voimasuoritusta. Lis\u00e4ksi maksimaalinen konsentrinen voimaharjoittelu ei paranna eksentrist\u00e4 voimantuottoa. K\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n sovellutuksena voidaan sanoa, ett\u00e4 eri urheilulajien urheiluvalmentajat, henkil\u00f6kohtaiset valmentajat ja muut liikunta- ja terveystieteiden ammattilaiset voivat hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tietoa ja tuloksia k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6nl\u00e4heisess\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4\u00e4n parantaakseen urheilijoiden fyysist\u00e4 suorituskyky\u00e4 ja hyvinvointia. On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 pit\u00e4\u00e4 mieless\u00e4, ett\u00e4 maksimaalinen eksentrinen voimaharjoittelu ei v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 kehit\u00e4 eksentrist\u00e4 voimantuottoa. Sen sijaan esim. py\u00f6r\u00e4ilij\u00f6ille voidaan sanoa, ett\u00e4 maksimaalinen konsentrinen voimantuotto voi parantaa heid\u00e4n kest\u00e4vyyssuoritustaan.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-15T06:36:15Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-15T06:36:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "55", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Muscle force", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maximal strength", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "eccentric", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "concentric", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "bench press", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "isokinetic", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effect of ten weeks maximal eccentric and concentric resistance training on muscle force in physically active young men in isokinetic bench press", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006154168", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", 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