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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Maliranta, Mika", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Tenhunen, Tuukka", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-15T05:09:47Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-15T05:09:47Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69920", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kansantalouden ty\u00f6n tulo-osuuden v\u00e4hentyminen suhteessa voittojen osuuteen on ollut viime vuosina paljon tutkittu aihepiiri taloustieteess\u00e4, sill\u00e4 suhdeluvun ajateltiin pitk\u00e4\u00e4n olevan l\u00e4hes muuttumaton. Ilmi\u00f6lle on l\u00f6ydetty useita eri mekanismeja, mutta tiedeyhteis\u00f6n konsensuksen mukaan globalisaatio on suurin yksitt\u00e4inen selitt\u00e4v\u00e4 tekij\u00e4. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa perehdyt\u00e4\u00e4n kuitenkin tarkemmin siihen, millainen markkinoille p\u00e4\u00e4syn rajoittavien tekij\u00f6iden vaikutus on ollut ty\u00f6n tulo-osuuteen Suomessa ja Ruotsissa vuosina 1975-2013. Aiheeseen liittyv\u00e4t aikaisemmat tutkimukset ovat antaneet erisuuntaisia tuloksia; kun kilpailua est\u00e4v\u00e4t rajoitteet poistuvat 1) ty\u00f6n tulo-osuus kasvaa pienentyvien voittomarginaalien kautta tai halvempien kulutustuotteiden hintojen kautta, 2) tulo-osuus laskee keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ist\u00e4 tuottavampien yritysten haaliessa lis\u00e4\u00e4 markkinaosuuksia tai n\u00e4iden kasvattaessa tuottavuuttaan.\r\n\r\nTutkimusosiossa k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n laajaa koottua paneeliaineistoa useilta eri verkostotoimialoilta. Satunnaisia ja kiinteit\u00e4 vaikutuksia hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4vill\u00e4 regressioilla saadut tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4t tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 markkinas\u00e4\u00e4telyll\u00e4 ja ty\u00f6n tulo-osuudella on positiivinen yhteys. Tulokset ovat my\u00f6s taloudellisesti merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4, sill\u00e4 yhden yksik\u00f6n muutos markkinas\u00e4\u00e4telyindeksiss\u00e4 indikoi noin kahden prosenttiyksik\u00f6n samansuuntaista muutosta ty\u00f6n tulo-osuudessa. Tulosten harhaisuuden v\u00e4hent\u00e4miseksi k\u00e4ytetyt instrumenttimuuttuja- sek\u00e4 muut tarkentavat testimenetelm\u00e4t osoittavat, ett\u00e4 tulokset pysyv\u00e4t johdonmukaisina. Tutkittu yhteys on teoriaan pohjaten mahdollisesti seurausta toimialojen aggregaattitason tuottavuuskasvusta luovan tuhon kautta \u2013 l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 markkinoille tulevien yritysten korkean tuottavuuden tai markkinoilla jo olevien yritysten lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden T&K-panostuksien vuoksi. Laajalti kantaaottavia politiikkasuosituksia on kuitenkin haastavaa tehd\u00e4, sill\u00e4 mekanismien tarkkaa alkuper\u00e4\u00e4 ei t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa ole mallinnettu. T\u00e4st\u00e4 huolimatta on huomattavan t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 ty\u00f6n tulo-osuuden muutoksen l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtia saadaan selville, jotta inflaatiopaineiden ja palkkojen muutostarpeiden arviointi onnistuu.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Decrease in labour share of income relative to profit share has been widely studied subject in economics lately, since for decades this ratio has been considered constant. There has been found many different mechanisms for this phenomenon, yet the prevailing consensus is that globalization is the main driving factor for this. This study focuses on the effect of entry barriers on the labour share in Finland and Sweden between 1975-2013. Earlier studies have concluded differing results; when entry barriers are fading, 1) labour share tends to increase due to decreasing profit margins or lower product prices for the customers, 2) labour share decreases because of market concentration towards firms with higher than average productivity or the productivity growth in such firms.\r\n\r\nResearch section utilizes wide panel data from different network industries. Statistically significant results from random and fixed effect regressions show positive relationship between entry barriers and labour share. Moreover, results are also economically significant, since one-unit change in market entry barrier index indicates around two percent point change in labour share of income. In order to mitigate bias, instrumental variable method alongside other expanded models are used, which show that the results are consistent. Such relationship according to theories comes possibly from the growing aggregate productivity within industries through the process of creative destruction \u2013 mainly due to high productivity of market entrants or growing R&D-intensity within the incumbent firms. However, it is hard to make widely editorialised political recommendations based on the study, because exact origins of the mechanism are not modelled in this thesis. Despite that, it is quite important to define foundation of changes in the aggregate labour share so that evaluation of inflationary pressures as well as wage politics can be successful.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-15T05:09:47Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-15T05:09:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\r\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "86", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Functional income distribution", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "labour share of income", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "market entry barriers", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "productivity", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "panel regression", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effect of Entry Regulation on Labour Share of Income : Evidence from Network Industries in Finland and Sweden", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006154164", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taloustiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Economics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "2041", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "palkat", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ekonometria", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tuottavuus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kansantulo", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tuotannontekij\u00e4t", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tulonjako", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "esteet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "wages", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "econometrics", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "productivity", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "national income", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "factors of production", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "income distribution", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "barriers", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": 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