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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Piirainen, Jarmo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "M\u00e4ntysalo, Arja", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-10T09:08:42Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-10T09:08:42Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69841", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, onko plyometrisell\u00e4 nopeusvoimaharjoittelulla (PLY) tai tasapainoharjoittelulla (BAL) merkityst\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden naisten tasapainoon. Tutkimus kesti yhteens\u00e4 12 viikkoa ja siihen osallistui 19 naista, jotka olivat 60 \u2013 69 -vuotiaita. Tutkimus koostui kolmesta mittauskerrasta: alkumittaus (ennen nelj\u00e4n viikon harjoittelua), loppumittaus (heti harjoittelun p\u00e4\u00e4tytty\u00e4) ja seurantamittaus (seitsem\u00e4n viikon tauon j\u00e4lkeen). Koehenkil\u00f6t jaettiin etuk\u00e4teen tehdyn kyselyn perusteella kahteen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n: PLY-ryhm\u00e4 (hyppy) (n=10) ja BAL-ryhm\u00e4 (tasapaino) (n=9). Nelj\u00e4n viikon intervention aikana koehenkil\u00f6t osallistuivat joko hyppy- tai tasapainoharjoituksiin sek\u00e4 keskivartaloa vahvistaviin kuntosaliharjoituksiin. Mittaukset toistettiin lis\u00e4ksi 7 viikkoa harjoittelujakson p\u00e4\u00e4ttymisest\u00e4 (detraining -jakso). Tutkimuksessa mitattiin EMG-lihasaktiivisuus viidest\u00e4 alaraajan lihaksesta (vastus lateralis, soleus, medialis gastrocnemius, biceps femoris ja tibialis anterior) staattisten hyppyjen aikana, staattisen hypyn lentoaikaa, voimaa polven \u2013 ja nilkan ojennuksen ja nilkan ojennuksen aikana sek\u00e4 patellarefleksin EMG amplitudi. Tasapainomittauksissa k\u00e4ytettiin moottoroitua tasapainolautaa, jonka alustaan sijoitetut paineanturit mittasivat horjutuksen aiheuttamaa tasapainon painekeskipisteen siirtym\u00e4\u00e4.\nKun tutkimuksen kahta ryhm\u00e4\u00e4 (PLY ja BAL) k\u00e4siteltiin yhten\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4n\u00e4 hypyn aikaisen lentoajan mittausten osalta, alku- ja seurantamittausten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 datojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4 muutos p < 0.05 (F = 3.509 ja p = 0.063) niin, ett\u00e4 lentoaika kasvoi 2.5 % (\u00b11.6). Ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei kuitenkaan l\u00f6ytynyt tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 eroa lentoajan kasvussa. Ero alkumittauksiin s\u00e4ilyi merkitsev\u00e4n\u00e4 (p < 0.05) seitsem\u00e4n viikkoa harjoittelujakson p\u00e4\u00e4ttymisest\u00e4, jolloin seurantamittaus suoritttiin. Hypyn aikaisissa agonisti-lihasten (soleus, medial gastronecnemius, vastus lateralis) EMG aktiivisuuksissa ei havaittu muutoksia tutkimuksen aikana. Patellarefleksi ei muuttunut tutkimuksen aikana koko tutkimusaineistossa (F = 0.792 ja p = 0.464). Trendin\u00e4 kuitenkin voidaan n\u00e4hd\u00e4 hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4inen EMG-amplitudin voimistuminen PLY-ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksen edetess\u00e4, mutta muutos ei ole tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4 (F = 2.012 ja p = 0.154). Polven ojennuksen voiman mittauksista voidaan kuitenkin n\u00e4hd\u00e4 PLY-ryhm\u00e4n osalta voiman lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen mittaustulosten perusteella, kun sen sijaan BAL-ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 muutos oli negatiivinen. Harjoituksella ei kuitenkaan tutkimuksessa n\u00e4hty olevan tilastollista merkityst\u00e4 (F = 0.792 ja p = 0.463). Ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu eroa nilkan ojennuksen maksimivoimassa alkumittauksissa (p = 0.389). Ryhmi\u00e4 yhten\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4n\u00e4 tarkasteltaessa seitsem\u00e4n viikon harjoitustauon j\u00e4lkeen nilkan ojennukseen osallistuneen pohkeen lihasten maksimaalinen voima heikkeni 16.3 % (\u00b119.6). Alku- ja seurantamittausten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli t\u00e4ll\u00f6in merkitsev\u00e4 ero p < 0.05 (F = 8.142 ja p = 0.015). Tutkimuksen harjoitusinterventio ei aiheuttanut tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 muutosta ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden naisten tasapainoon PLY ja BAL -ryhmien sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 eik\u00e4 koko otannassa. \nTutkimuksessa saatiin vain heikko yhteys nelj\u00e4 viikkoa kest\u00e4v\u00e4n PLY- ja BAL-harjoittelun merkityksest\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden naisten tasapainoon. Nilkan ojennuksen maksimaalinen voiman muutos oli negatiivinen tutkimuksen aikana molemmilla koehenkil\u00f6ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4. Muutokset ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneiden naisten hermoston ja lihasten toiminnassa asettavat haasteita fyysisten ominaisuuksien kehitt\u00e4miselle. Harjoitteluaika (4 vkoa) on ehk\u00e4 liian lyhyt ja harjoituskertoja oli liian v\u00e4h\u00e4n, kun kyseess\u00e4 on ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet naiset.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "This study sought to determine whether plyometric speed training (PLY) or balance training (BAL) plays a role in the balance of older women. The study lasted a total of 12 weeks and involved 19 women aged 60 to 69 years. The study consisted of three measurements: initial (before training period), follow-up (just after four weeks training) and final (after seven weeks break). Subjects were divided into two groups based on a preliminary survey: PLY-group (jump) (n = 10) and BAL-group (balance) (n = 9). During the four-week intervention, subjects participated in either jumping or balance exercises as well as mid-body strengthening gym exercises. Measurements were repeated 7 weeks after the end of the training period (detraining period). The study measured EMG muscle activity from five lower limb muscles (vastus lateralis, soleus, medialis gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior) during squat jump, squat jump flight time, force from two variables (knee extension and ankle plantar flexion) and EMG amplitude of patellar reflex. In balance measurements was used a motorized balance board, where the pressure sensors were placed in. Sensors measured the displacement of the balance pressure center caused by the oscillation.\nWhen the two groups of the study (PLY and BAL) were treated as one group for jump-time flight time measurements, a statistically significant change p <0.05 (F = 3.509 and p = 0.063) was observed between the data between the initial and follow up -measurements, increasing the flight time by 2.5% (\u00b1 1.6). However, no statistically significant difference in flight time growth was found between the groups. The difference with the initial measurements remained significant (p <0.05) for seven weeks after the end of the training period when the final measurements took place. No changes in EMG activities of agonist muscles (soleus, medial gastronecnemius, vastus lateralis) during the jump were observed during the study. The patellar reflex did not change during the study in the whole study data (F = 0.792 and p = 0.464). A slight increase in EMG-amplitude in the PLY group could be seen as a trend as the study progressed, but the change was not statistically significant (F = 2.012 and p = 0.154). However, from the knee extension force measurements, an increase in force could be seen for the PLY group, whereas in the BAL group the change was negative. However, exercise was not seen to be statistically significant in the study (F = 0.792 and p = 0.463). Furthermore no difference was observed between the groups in the maximum force of the plantar flexion in the initial measurements (p = 0.389). Treated as a single group after a seven-week detraining, the maximum muscle strength of the calf muscle involved in ankle extension decreased by 16.3% (\u00b1 19.6). There was a significant difference p <0.05 (F = 8.142 and p = 0.015) between the initial and follow-up measurements. The study exercise intervention did not cause a statistically significant change in the balance of older women within the PLY and BAL groups or across the sample.\nThe study found only a weak link between the importance of four weeks of PLY and BAL training in the balance of older women. The maximal change in force of plantar flexion was negative during the study in both groups of subjects. Changes in the nervous and muscle function of older women pose challenges to the development of physical characteristics. Training period (4 weeks) might be too short and the exercise sessions was too little, in the case of older women.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-10T09:08:42Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-10T09:08:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "105", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "plyometrinen harjoittelu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Tasapainoharjoittelun ja plyometrisen nopeusvoimaharjoittelun vaikutus tasapainoon ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneill\u00e4 naisilla", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006104083", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tasapainoharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tasapaino", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "naiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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