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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "von Bonsdorf, Mikaela", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Hakkarainen, Hilda", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-03T09:10:50Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-03T09:10:50Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69673", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "El\u00e4k\u00f6ityminen on suuri el\u00e4m\u00e4nmuutos, jolla voi olla moninaisia vaikutuksia yksil\u00f6n hyvinvointiin. El\u00e4k\u00f6itymisen my\u00f6t\u00e4 yksil\u00f6n sosiaaliset suhteet tyypillisesti v\u00e4henev\u00e4t. Varhaisella el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisell\u00e4 ja yksin\u00e4isyydell\u00e4 tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n olevan samoja riskitekij\u00f6it\u00e4, kuten huono terveydentila, matala sosioekonominen asema ja masennus. El\u00e4k\u00f6itymisen yhteytt\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koettuun yksin\u00e4isyyteen ei ole kuitenkaan juuri tutkittu. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, onko el\u00e4kelajilla ja el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisi\u00e4ll\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koettuun yksin\u00e4isyyteen. Lis\u00e4ksi haluttiin selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, selitt\u00e4\u00e4k\u00f6 masennus mahdollista yhteytt\u00e4 varhaisen el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisen ja yksin\u00e4isyyden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. \nTutkimuksen aineistona oli 1153 henkil\u00f6n otos Helsinki Birth Cohort Study -tutkimuskohortista. Tutkittavien el\u00e4kelajista ja el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisi\u00e4st\u00e4 saatiin tietoa kansallisista rekistereist\u00e4. Yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemusta tiedusteltiin kyselylomakkeella vuonna 2015, kun tutkittavat olivat 71\u250081-vuotiaita. Taustamuuttujina olivat tutkittavien siviilis\u00e4\u00e4ty, sosioekonominen asema, koettu terveydentila ja masennus. Analyysit toteutettiin bin\u00e4\u00e4risell\u00e4 logistisella regressioanalyysill\u00e4, ja miehi\u00e4 ja naisia tarkasteltiin erikseen. Ty\u00f6kyvytt\u00f6myys- ty\u00f6tt\u00f6myys- ja osa-aikael\u00e4kkeelle siirtyneit\u00e4 verrattiin vanhuusel\u00e4kkeelle siirtyneisiin. Aikaisemman kirjallisuuden perusteella laadittiin kolme mallia, joista ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 tarkasteltiin el\u00e4kelajin tai el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisi\u00e4n ja my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koetun yksin\u00e4isyyden v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4. Toisessa mallissa analyyseihin otettiin mukaan siviilis\u00e4\u00e4ty, sosioekonominen asema ja koettu terveys. Kolmannessa mallissa otettiin mukaan aiempien lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s masennus.\nTy\u00f6kyvytt\u00f6myysel\u00e4kkeelle siirtyneill\u00e4 oli vanhuusel\u00e4kkeelle siirtyneisiin verrattuna suurempi todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys kokea yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4. Miehill\u00e4 todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyys oli l\u00e4hes nelinkertainen (OR 3.76, 95 % LV 1.69\u25008.36). ja naisilla l\u00e4hes kaksinkertainen (OR 1.78, 95 % LV 1.07\u25002.96). Miehill\u00e4 my\u00f6s ty\u00f6tt\u00f6myysel\u00e4ke oli yhteydess\u00e4 suurempaan yksin\u00e4isyyden kokemisen todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyteen (OR 2.46, 95 % LV 1.22\u25004.97), mutta naisilla yhteytt\u00e4 ei havaittu. Osa-aikael\u00e4kkeelle siirtyminen ei ollut yhteydess\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koettuun yksin\u00e4isyyteen. Masennuksella vakioiminen ei muuttanut el\u00e4kelajin ja my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koetun yksin\u00e4isyyden v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4. Korkeampi el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisik\u00e4 oli miehill\u00e4 yhteydess\u00e4 pienemp\u00e4\u00e4n todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyyteen kokea yksin\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4, kun selitt\u00e4v\u00e4t tekij\u00e4t otettiin huomioon (OR 0.94, 95 % LV 0.90\u25000.99). Naisilla el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisik\u00e4 ei ollut yhteydess\u00e4 my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koettuun yksin\u00e4isyyteen. Masennus vahvisti el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisi\u00e4n ja my\u00f6hemmin koetun yksin\u00e4isyyden v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 miehill\u00e4, mutta ei naisilla. \nEl\u00e4k\u00f6itymisell\u00e4 oli t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen perusteella suurempi vaikutus miesten yksin\u00e4isyyteen kuin naisten. Lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta tarvittaisiin varhaisen el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisen vaikutuksista yksil\u00f6n sosiaaliselle hyvinvoinnille ja siit\u00e4, miten varhaisessa vaiheessa el\u00e4kkeelle siirtyneit\u00e4 olisi mahdollista tukea, jotta heid\u00e4n sosiaalinen hyvinvointinsa s\u00e4ilyisi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Retirement is a major life change that can have significant effects on an individual\u2019s well-being. The number of social relations is typically decreased due to retirement. There are some mutual risk factors for early retirement and loneliness, for example poor health, low socio-economic status and depression. The association between retirement and loneliness in later life is still unclear. The aim of this study was to find out whether the type of retirement or the age of retirement are associated to the loneliness experienced in later life. In addition, the aim was to find out whether depression explains the possible link between early retirement and loneliness.\nThis study was based on a sample of Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. There were 1153 participants and the data of retirement were available from national records. Participants filled a questionnaire in 2015 when they were 71\u250081 years old. The questionnaire included a question about loneliness. Binary logistic analysis was used in the main analysis and men and women were analyzed separately. Three models were made based on previous studies. In the first model, the association between the type of retirement or the age of retirement and loneliness in later life was analyzed. The second model was adjusted with marital status, self-reported health and socio-economic status. The third model was adjusted in addition to the previous ones by depression.\nCompared to those who received old age pension, participants who received disability pension were more likely to experience loneliness in later life. For men, the probability was almost fourfold (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.69\u25008.36) and for women almost twofold (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07\u25002.96). Men who received unemployment pension were more likely to experience loneliness in later life (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.22\u25004.97) but not women. Part-time pension was not associated with loneliness in later life. Adjusting with depression did not change the association between type of retirement and loneliness in later life. Men who retired at older age were less likely to experience loneliness in later life when adjusted with explanatory factors (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90\u25000.99). For women, there was no association between the age of retirement and loneliness in later life. Adjusting the model with depression intensified the association between age of retirement and loneliness in later life in men, but not in women. \nBased on this study, retirement has a greater impact on the loneliness of men than women. More research is needed on early retirement and its consequences for social well-being and on how early retirees could be supported to maintain their social well-being.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-03T09:10:50Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-03T09:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "54", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "El\u00e4kelajin ja el\u00e4k\u00f6itymisi\u00e4n yhteys my\u00f6hemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 i\u00e4ll\u00e4 koettuun yksin\u00e4isyyteen", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006033929", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Gerontologia ja kansanterveys", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Gerontology and Public Health", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "50423", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "yksin\u00e4isyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "el\u00e4kkeelle siirtyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "el\u00e4kel\u00e4iset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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