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Väestön ikärakenteen nopea muutos sekä muistisairauksiin sairastuvien määrän kasvu lisää sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon pikaisen uudistamistarpeen välttämättömyyttä. On tärkeää löytää ne osatekijät, jotka vaikuttavat yksilön päätökseen lisätä fyysistä aktiivisuutta, jotta pystytään parantamaan kansanterveyttä sekä lieventämään kroonisten sairauksien globaalia taakkaa. Tämän tutkielman päätarkoituksena oli selvittää mitkä liikkumiseen kannustavat tekijät tukevat fyysistä aktiivisuutta ikääntyvillä ihmisillä, joilla muistisairauden riski on kohonnut.
Tutkimuksen aineisto on osa Finnish geriatric intervention study to prevent cognitive impairment and disability (FINGER) -tutkimuksen aineistoa. FINGER-tutkimuksen osallistujat (N=1260, ikä 60–77 vuotta) on koottu Suomessa väestötutkimuksiin aiemmin osallistuneista henkilöistä. Tutkittavien fyysistä aktiivisuutta ja liikkumisen kannustimia selvitettiin kyselylomakkeen avulla. Kaikille osallistujille tehtiin terveystarkastus kognition ja yleisen terveystilan tarkastamiseksi. Liikkumisen kannustimien ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteyttä selitettiin logistisella regressioanalyysillä, jossa vastemuuttuja oli dikotominen fyysinen aktiivisuus, eli aktiiviset ja inaktiiviset. Selittävät muuttujat olivat sukupuoli, painoindeksi, ikäluokka, kognitio, sairaudet, liikkumisen kannustimet, mielipide koululiikunnasta ja aikaisempi vapaa-ajan fyysinen aktiivisuus.
Tässä suomalaista ikääntyvää väestöä (ka 69.4 vuotta, SD=4.7) edustavassa poikkileikkaus-otoksessa kaikilla oli jokin muistisairauden sairastumisriskiä lisäävä riskitekijä. Yli puolella oli kohonnut verenpaine ja yli kolmanneksella ylipainoa. Logistisen regressioanalyysin tulokset osoittivat, että liikkumisen kannustimet lisäsivät todennäköisyyttä kuulua aktiivisesti liikuntaa harrastavien ryhmään verrattuna heihin, joilla ei ollut näitä kannustimia. Liikunnan hauskuus (OR=1.9, LV 95% 1.35–2.78, P<0.001), sairauden vuoksi lisätty liikunta (OR=2.3, 1.41–3.70, P=0.001), liikunnan myönteinen vaikutus terveydentilaan (OR=1.91, 18–3.23, P=0.010) ja mielialaan (OR=1.7, 1.11–2.5, P=0.013) sekä ystävien tapaaminen liikunnan parissa (OR=1.4, 1.02–2.04, P=0.040) lisäsivät todennäköisyyttä kuulua liikuntaa aktiivisesti harrastavien ryhmään. Henkilöt, jotka mainitsivat tiedotusvälineistä saadun tiedon kannustimekseen, olivat suuremmalla todennäköisyydellä aktiivisten ryhmässä (OR=1.7, 1.05–2.78, P=0.029). Aikaisempi vapaa-ajan fyysinen aktiivisuus ikävuodesta 55 eteenpäin lisäsi niin ikään todennäköisyyttä kuulua aktiivisesti liikuntaa harrastavien ryhmään (OR=2.6, 1.52–4.35, P<0.001).
On tärkeää tunnistaa kannustimia ja rajoittimia, jotta pystytään juurruttamaan hyviä elämäntapoja vähän liikkuvien ikäihmisten arkeen, joilla on jo muistisairauden riskitekijöitä, kuten ylipaino, korkea verenpaine sekä korkea kolesteroli ja diabetes. Liikunnan voi nähdä olevan yksi keino ehkäistä muistisairauksien syntyä, sen monen muistisairaudelta suojaavan tekijän vuoksi. Interventioita tarvitaan kuitenkin osoittamaan, voidaanko yksilöllisiä kannustimia tukemalla sekä rajoittimia vähentämällä vaikuttaa fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen.
The rapid change in the age structure of the population and the increase in the number of people suffering from memory diseases make the need for urgent reform of social and health care a necessity. Identifying the factors that influence an individual's decision to increase physical activity is important in order to improve public health and reduce the global burden of chronic diseases. The main purpose of this study was to find out which incentives support the physical activity (PA) of older people, who have an increased risk of memory disorder.
The study is part of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). The participants in the FINGER-study (N=1260, age 60–77 years) are collected from persons who had previously participated in population surveys in Finland. The participants' physical activity and motivation factors were captured by a questionnaire. All participants underwent a medical examination to check cognition and general health. Logistic regression analysis was made to explain the relationship between motivation factors and physical activity. The dependent variable was dichotomous physical activity, i.e. active and inactive. The independent variables were gender, body mass index, age group, cognition, illness, incentives to move, opinion about school sports and previous leisure time physical activity.
In this cross-sectional sample of the Finnish aging population (M=69.4 years, SD=4.7), everyone had a risk factor that increased the risk of developing a memory disorder. Over half had hypertension and over one third was obese. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the incentives for movement increased the likelihood of being actively involved in the PA group compared to those who did not. Enjoyment of PA (OR=1.9, CI 95% 1.35–2.78, P<0.001), added PA due to illness (OR=2.3, 1.41–3.70, P=0.001), positive effect of PA on health (OR=1.9, 1.18–3.23, P=0.010) and mood (OR=1.7, 1.11–2.5, P=0.013) and meeting friends for PA (OR=1.4, 1.02–2.04, P=0.040) increased the likelihood to belong to a physically active group. Individuals who cited media information as an incentive were also more likely to be active (OR=1.7, 1.05–2.78, P=0.029). Past leisure time physical activity from age 55 onwards also increased the likelihood of being in the physically active group (OR=2.6, 1.52–4.35, P<0.001).
It is important to identify incentives and restraints in order to establish good lifestyles in the daily lives of low-mobility older people who already have risk factors for memory disorders, such as obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Physical activity can be seen as one way to prevent the onset of memory disorders, due to its many protective factors against memory disorder. However, interventions are needed to show whether support for individual incentives and reduction of restraints can influence physical activity.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "H\u00e4kkinen, Arja", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kulmala, Jenni", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Anttila, Pia", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-05-12T12:15:41Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-05-12T12:15:41Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/68942", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "V\u00e4est\u00f6n ik\u00e4rakenteen nopea muutos sek\u00e4 muistisairauksiin sairastuvien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n kasvu lis\u00e4\u00e4 sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon pikaisen uudistamistarpeen v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6myytt\u00e4. On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 ne osatekij\u00e4t, jotka vaikuttavat yksil\u00f6n p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kseen lis\u00e4t\u00e4 fyysist\u00e4 aktiivisuutta, jotta pystyt\u00e4\u00e4n parantamaan kansanterveytt\u00e4 sek\u00e4 lievent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n kroonisten sairauksien globaalia taakkaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkielman p\u00e4\u00e4tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 mitk\u00e4 liikkumiseen kannustavat tekij\u00e4t tukevat fyysist\u00e4 aktiivisuutta ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyvill\u00e4 ihmisill\u00e4, joilla muistisairauden riski on kohonnut.\n\nTutkimuksen aineisto on osa Finnish geriatric intervention study to prevent cognitive impairment and disability (FINGER) -tutkimuksen aineistoa. FINGER-tutkimuksen osallistujat (N=1260, ik\u00e4 60\u201377 vuotta) on koottu Suomessa v\u00e4est\u00f6tutkimuksiin aiemmin osallistuneista henkil\u00f6ist\u00e4. Tutkittavien fyysist\u00e4 aktiivisuutta ja liikkumisen kannustimia selvitettiin kyselylomakkeen avulla. Kaikille osallistujille tehtiin terveystarkastus kognition ja yleisen terveystilan tarkastamiseksi. Liikkumisen kannustimien ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteytt\u00e4 selitettiin logistisella regressioanalyysill\u00e4, jossa vastemuuttuja oli dikotominen fyysinen aktiivisuus, eli aktiiviset ja inaktiiviset. Selitt\u00e4v\u00e4t muuttujat olivat sukupuoli, painoindeksi, ik\u00e4luokka, kognitio, sairaudet, liikkumisen kannustimet, mielipide koululiikunnasta ja aikaisempi vapaa-ajan fyysinen aktiivisuus.\n\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 suomalaista ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4\u00e4 v\u00e4est\u00f6\u00e4 (ka 69.4 vuotta, SD=4.7) edustavassa poikkileikkaus-otoksessa kaikilla oli jokin muistisairauden sairastumisriski\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4 riskitekij\u00e4. Yli puolella oli kohonnut verenpaine ja yli kolmanneksella ylipainoa. Logistisen regressioanalyysin tulokset osoittivat, ett\u00e4 liikkumisen kannustimet lis\u00e4siv\u00e4t todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4 kuulua aktiivisesti liikuntaa harrastavien ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n verrattuna heihin, joilla ei ollut n\u00e4it\u00e4 kannustimia. Liikunnan hauskuus (OR=1.9, LV 95% 1.35\u20132.78, P<0.001), sairauden vuoksi lis\u00e4tty liikunta (OR=2.3, 1.41\u20133.70, P=0.001), liikunnan my\u00f6nteinen vaikutus terveydentilaan (OR=1.91, 18\u20133.23, P=0.010) ja mielialaan (OR=1.7, 1.11\u20132.5, P=0.013) sek\u00e4 yst\u00e4vien tapaaminen liikunnan parissa (OR=1.4, 1.02\u20132.04, P=0.040) lis\u00e4siv\u00e4t todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4 kuulua liikuntaa aktiivisesti harrastavien ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. Henkil\u00f6t, jotka mainitsivat tiedotusv\u00e4lineist\u00e4 saadun tiedon kannustimekseen, olivat suuremmalla todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyydell\u00e4 aktiivisten ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 (OR=1.7, 1.05\u20132.78, P=0.029). Aikaisempi vapaa-ajan fyysinen aktiivisuus ik\u00e4vuodesta 55 eteenp\u00e4in lis\u00e4si niin ik\u00e4\u00e4n todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isyytt\u00e4 kuulua aktiivisesti liikuntaa harrastavien ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (OR=2.6, 1.52\u20134.35, P<0.001).\n\nOn t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 tunnistaa kannustimia ja rajoittimia, jotta pystyt\u00e4\u00e4n juurruttamaan hyvi\u00e4 el\u00e4m\u00e4ntapoja v\u00e4h\u00e4n liikkuvien ik\u00e4ihmisten arkeen, joilla on jo muistisairauden riskitekij\u00f6it\u00e4, kuten ylipaino, korkea verenpaine sek\u00e4 korkea kolesteroli ja diabetes. Liikunnan voi n\u00e4hd\u00e4 olevan yksi keino ehk\u00e4ist\u00e4 muistisairauksien synty\u00e4, sen monen muistisairaudelta suojaavan tekij\u00e4n vuoksi. Interventioita tarvitaan kuitenkin osoittamaan, voidaanko yksil\u00f6llisi\u00e4 kannustimia tukemalla sek\u00e4 rajoittimia v\u00e4hent\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 vaikuttaa fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The rapid change in the age structure of the population and the increase in the number of people suffering from memory diseases make the need for urgent reform of social and health care a necessity. Identifying the factors that influence an individual's decision to increase physical activity is important in order to improve public health and reduce the global burden of chronic diseases. The main purpose of this study was to find out which incentives support the physical activity (PA) of older people, who have an increased risk of memory disorder.\n\nThe study is part of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). The participants in the FINGER-study (N=1260, age 60\u201377 years) are collected from persons who had previously participated in population surveys in Finland. The participants' physical activity and motivation factors were captured by a questionnaire. All participants underwent a medical examination to check cognition and general health. Logistic regression analysis was made to explain the relationship between motivation factors and physical activity. The dependent variable was dichotomous physical activity, i.e. active and inactive. The independent variables were gender, body mass index, age group, cognition, illness, incentives to move, opinion about school sports and previous leisure time physical activity.\n\nIn this cross-sectional sample of the Finnish aging population (M=69.4 years, SD=4.7), everyone had a risk factor that increased the risk of developing a memory disorder. Over half had hypertension and over one third was obese. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the incentives for movement increased the likelihood of being actively involved in the PA group compared to those who did not. Enjoyment of PA (OR=1.9, CI 95% 1.35\u20132.78, P<0.001), added PA due to illness (OR=2.3, 1.41\u20133.70, P=0.001), positive effect of PA on health (OR=1.9, 1.18\u20133.23, P=0.010) and mood (OR=1.7, 1.11\u20132.5, P=0.013) and meeting friends for PA (OR=1.4, 1.02\u20132.04, P=0.040) increased the likelihood to belong to a physically active group. Individuals who cited media information as an incentive were also more likely to be active (OR=1.7, 1.05\u20132.78, P=0.029). Past leisure time physical activity from age 55 onwards also increased the likelihood of being in the physically active group (OR=2.6, 1.52\u20134.35, P<0.001).\n\nIt is important to identify incentives and restraints in order to establish good lifestyles in the daily lives of low-mobility older people who already have risk factors for memory disorders, such as obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. Physical activity can be seen as one way to prevent the onset of memory disorders, due to its many protective factors against memory disorder. However, interventions are needed to show whether support for individual incentives and reduction of restraints can influence physical activity.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-05-12T12:15:41Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-12T12:15:41Z (GMT). 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