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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Parviainen, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Mikkonen, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Autio, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-04-06T09:42:48Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-04-06T09:42:48Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/68465", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ik\u00e4\u00e4ntymisen tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n aiheuttavan muutoksia aivojen rakenteessa, metaboliassa ja oskillaatioissa. N\u00e4m\u00e4 muutokset saavat aikaan ei-patologista kognitiivista heikkenemist\u00e4 muun muassa eksekutiivisissa toiminnoissa, prosessointinopeudessa ja muistissa. Yksi kognition osa-alue, johon ik\u00e4\u00e4ntymisen on todettu vaikuttavan, on inhibitio. Muutokset inhibitorisissa toiminnoissa heijastuvat oskillaatioissa, spontaanisti syntyviss\u00e4 paikallisten kentt\u00e4potentiaalien rytmisyyden muutoksissa. Inhibition on todettu olevan yhteydess\u00e4 suurempaan alfa-rytmin (8-13 Hz) voimakkuuteen h\u00e4iritsev\u00e4n \u00e4rsykkeen ollessa l\u00e4sn\u00e4 ja t\u00e4m\u00e4 voimakkuuden kasvu ilmenee niill\u00e4 aivoalueilla, joita k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n aktiivisesti osana tiedonk\u00e4sittely\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, vaikuttaako 12 kuukauden mittainen yhdistetty liikunta- ja kognitiivinen interventio (PTCT) ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyvien inhibitorisiin toimintoihin enemm\u00e4n, kuin pelkk\u00e4 liikuntainterventio (PT). Yhdistetyn intervention vaikutuksia tarkastellaan sek\u00e4 kognitiivisilla testeill\u00e4, ett\u00e4 aivojen s\u00e4hk\u00f6isen toiminnan mittauksilla. Alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuuden muutoksia verrataan alkumittauksen ja 12 kuukauden loppumittauksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4, vasemman ja oikean aivopuoliskon v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ja otsalohkon ja takaraivolohkon v\u00e4lill\u00e4, sek\u00e4 yhdistetyn intervention ja liikuntaintervention v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Eroja inhibitiossa mittausajankohtien ja interventioryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 tutkitaan my\u00f6s vertaamalla kokonaisvirheiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 Stroop -testiss\u00e4 ja Trail Making Test -testiss\u00e4. 24 tervett\u00e4, v\u00e4h\u00e4n liikkuvaa, vuonna 1935 - 1946 syntynytt\u00e4, miest\u00e4 ja naista (miehet n=8, naiset n=16) osallistui interventioon. Koehenkil\u00f6t satunnaistettiin kahteen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n: liikuntaharjoitteluryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (PT) ja liikunnan ja kognitiivisen harjoittelun ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (PTCT). Alfa-oskillaatioiden mittaukset ja kognitiiviset testit tehtiin ennen intervention alkamista, kuuden kuukauden p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 ja 12 kuukauden p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 aloittamisesta. Tilastollisilla testeill\u00e4 verrattiin alkumittauksen ja loppumittauksen tuloksia. Alfa-oskillaatioita mitattiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 magnetoenkefalografiaa (MEG). MEG -mittausten aikana koehenkil\u00f6t vastasivat visuaaliseen ty\u00f6muistiteht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n, joka sis\u00e4lsi kolme kuvaa, ja joista toinen oli helppo tai vaikea h\u00e4iri\u00f6kuva. Koehenkil\u00f6iden teht\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4 oli vastata, olivatko ensimm\u00e4inen ja viimeinen esitetty kuva sama, yritt\u00e4en inhiboida h\u00e4iri\u00f6kuvan. Alku- ja loppumittausten ja interventioryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei l\u00f6ydetty tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja, mutta yleinen alfa-oskillaatioiden voimakkuus oli merkitsev\u00e4sti suurempia takaraivolohkossa verrattuna otsalohkoon, mik\u00e4 vastasi odotuksiamme. Eroja mittausajankohtien ja ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei l\u00f6ydetty Stroop -testiss\u00e4 tai Trail Making Test -testiss\u00e4. Tulosten perusteella voidaankin todeta, ettei liikuntainterventiolla tai yhdistetyll\u00e4 liikunta- ja kognitiivisella interventiolla ole vaikutusta alfa-aktivaation tehoon tai inhibitioon. Tulosten voidaan mahdollisesti katsoa selittyv\u00e4n my\u00f6s pienell\u00e4 otoskoolla, intervention mahdollisella tehottomuudella tai koehenkil\u00f6iden hyvill\u00e4 kognitiivisilla kyvyill\u00e4. Tulevien tutkimusten olisi t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 perehty\u00e4 tarkemmin k\u00e4ytetyn intervention rooliin, sek\u00e4 alfa-oskillaatioiden ja muiden oskillaatioiden rooliin inhibitorisissa toiminnoissa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ageing is known to cause changes in the structure, metabolism, and oscillatory functions of the brain. These changes in the brain cause non-pathological cognitive decline in various cognitive functions, such as executive functions, processing speed, and memory. One of the cognitive functions affected by ageing is inhibition. Changes in inhibitory functions are reflected in brain oscillations, which are spontaneously arising changes of the rhythmicity in local field potentials. Inhibitory functions have been found to be associated with greater power of alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) during distracting stimuli. This thesis aims to examine whether a 12-month combined physical and cognitive training intervention (PTCT) effects the inhibitory functions of older adults more than a physical training intervention (PT) alone. The effects of a combined intervention are studied by using both cognitive tests and measurements of electrical functioning in the brain. The changes in temporal modulation of alpha power due to inhibition tasks are compared between a baseline measurement and a 12-month assessment in the frontal and occipital regions of the left and right hemisphere in both the physical training and the combined physical and cognitive training groups. Differences in inhibitory functions between the two measurements and groups are also examined by comparing the total number of errors made in both Stroop test and Trail Making Test A and B. Twenty-four community-dwelling sedentary men and women (men n=8, women n=16) born between 1935 and 1946 took part in the study. Participants were randomized into two training programs: the physical training program (PT) and the physical and cognitive training program (PTCT). First a baseline measurement of alpha oscillations and cognitive functions was established, followed by a 6-month and 12-month evaluation. The baseline measurement and 12-month evaluation were selected for further analysis. Alpha oscillations were recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). During the MEG recording participants answered to a visual working memory task, including three pictures of which the second picture was an easy or difficult distractor. Participants then had to decide whether the first and the third picture shown were the same, trying to inhibit the distraction picture.\nThere were no significant differences in mean alpha modulation between the measurement times or between the intervention groups. General alpha power was found to be significantly stronger in the occipital area compared to the frontal area. No significant differences between the measurements and the intervention groups were found in Stroop test or Trail Making Test. In conclusion, physical intervention or combined cognitive and physical intervention did not improve inhibitory functions. Furthermore, no changes in alpha oscillations related to inhibitory functions were observed. These results might be due to a relatively small sample size, lack of effectiveness of the intervention program, and good cognitive skills of the participants. For future research it would be essential to study the role of different intervention types and the importance of alpha oscillations as well as other oscillations in inhibitory functions.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-04-06T09:42:48Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-06T09:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "34", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "physical intervention", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "cognitive intervention", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "alpha oscillations", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The effects of combined cognitive and physical intervention on inhibitory functions and the modulation of alpha oscillations during inhibition tasks", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202004062678", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Education and Psychology", "language": "en", 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"value": "kognitiiviset prosessit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aivot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kognitio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "fyysinen aktiivisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "liikunta", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "MEG", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "inhibitions", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": 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