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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Eilola, Jari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Valtonen, Heli", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Vehmas, Mika", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-12-20T06:43:33Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-12-20T06:43:33Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/66977", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielma linkittyy osaksi yhteiskunta- ja ihmistieteiss\u00e4 viime vuosikymmenin\u00e4 virinnytt\u00e4 el\u00e4ink\u00e4\u00e4nteeksi kutsuttua suuntausta, joka keskittyy ihmisen ja el\u00e4imen v\u00e4liseen suhteeseen. Tutkin el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ystapauksia 1890-luvun Keski-Suomessa. P\u00e4\u00e4asiallisena l\u00e4hteen\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00e4n Viitasaaren tuomiokunnan k\u00e4r\u00e4j\u00e4kuntien varsinaisasian p\u00f6yt\u00e4kirjojen el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ystapauksia vuosilta 1890\u20131900. Selvit\u00e4n millaiset k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n vaikutukset siirtym\u00e4ll\u00e4 vuoden 1889 rikoslain el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4yspyk\u00e4l\u00e4\u00e4n, miten el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ys m\u00e4\u00e4riteltiin keskisuomalaisissa oikeusistuimissa sek\u00e4 esiintyik\u00f6 n\u00e4iden tapausten yhteydess\u00e4 sosiaalista kontrollia. Samalla hahmotan eri el\u00e4inlajien arvostusta ja asemaa agraariyhteiskunnassa. Lis\u00e4ksi tarkastelen keskisuomalaisten sanomalehtien pohjalta seudun el\u00e4insuojelutoimintaa ja -ideologiaa. Taustoitan tutkimustani vertailemalla el\u00e4insuojelulains\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4nt\u00f6\u00e4 sek\u00e4 -toimintaa ja niiden kehityst\u00e4 Englannissa, Yhdysvalloissa, Ruotsissa ja Suomen suuriruhtinaskunnassa. Avaan my\u00f6s 1800-luvun el\u00e4insuojeluliikkeen yhteytt\u00e4 ylh\u00e4\u00e4lt\u00e4 alasp\u00e4in suuntautuvaan sosiaaliseen kontrolliin. \nKeski-Suomessa toimi el\u00e4inten suojeluun keskittynyt j\u00e4rjest\u00f6, vuonna 1878 perustettu Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n el\u00e4insuojelusyhdistys. Sen toiminta rajoittui l\u00e4hinn\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n kaupunkiin ja v\u00e4litt\u00f6mille l\u00e4hialueille. Aktiivisuus vaihteli 1890-luvun mittaan j\u00e4rjest\u00f6n ollessa jopa t\u00e4ysin pys\u00e4hdyksiss\u00e4 vuosikymmenen puoliv\u00e4liss\u00e4. J\u00e4senist\u00f6 koostui paikkakunnan taloudellisesta ja poliittisesta eliitist\u00e4. Toimintamuodot sis\u00e4lsiv\u00e4t huonokuntoisten hevosten lunastamisen lopetettaviksi kaupungin markkinoilta sek\u00e4 valistuskirjallisuuden ja muun alan tiedon levitt\u00e4minen. K\u00e4ytetyist\u00e4 sanamuodoista on havaittavissa el\u00e4insuojelusyhdistyksen valvovan silm\u00e4n keskittyneen erityisesti maaseudun rahvaaseen. \nSiirtyminen vuoden 1864 el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4yst\u00e4 koskeneesta Keisarillisesta asetuksesta vuoden 1889 rikoslain el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4yspyk\u00e4l\u00e4\u00e4n ei vaikuttanut el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ystapausten m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n tai tuomioiden kovuuteen Viitasaaren tuomiokunnassa. Sakkotuomioiden ankaruus oli enemm\u00e4n riippuvainen juttujen yksityiskohdista. Selv\u00e4sti yleisin oikeusistuimissa k\u00e4sitelty el\u00e4in oli hevonen. Pikkukaupunkien el\u00e4insuojelijat keskittiv\u00e4t resurssinsa erityisesti hevosiin ja se oli arvostettu sek\u00e4 n\u00e4kyv\u00e4 el\u00e4in. Lis\u00e4ksi hevosen hoitaminen ja kouluttaminen kuului miehisiin vastuisiin, mik\u00e4 nosti sen statusta. Maatalousyhteiskunnassa ihmisen ja kotiel\u00e4imen v\u00e4list\u00e4 suhdetta m\u00e4\u00e4ritti \u201dsopimus\u201d, jonka mukaan el\u00e4imen tuli olla ahkera ja tottelevainen ja ihmisen vastaavasti huolehtia el\u00e4imen hoitamisesta. 1890-luvun Keski-Suomessa el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ykseksi ymm\u00e4rrettiin hyv\u00e4n hoidon, eli ravinnon, juoman, suojan levon tarjoamisen, laiminly\u00f6nti. El\u00e4imen fyysist\u00e4 kurittamista pidettiin hyv\u00e4ksytt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4, mutta liiallisuuksiin ei sopinut menn\u00e4. Loukkaantuneen tai vammautuneen el\u00e4imen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tai ylivoimaisten ponnistusten vaatiminen k\u00e4sitettiin my\u00f6s el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ykseksi. M\u00e4\u00e4ritelm\u00e4st\u00e4 esiintyi eri\u00e4vi\u00e4 k\u00e4sityksi\u00e4 yksil\u00f6iden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. K\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ni aineiston perusteella Viitasaaren tuomiokunnan el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ystapauksista ei ole l\u00f6ydett\u00e4viss\u00e4 selke\u00e4\u00e4 sosiaalista kontrollia. Lis\u00e4ksi totean, ett\u00e4 el\u00e4inten hyv\u00e4 kohtelu ei ollut vain aikakaudesta, varallisuudesta tai yhteiskuntaryhm\u00e4st\u00e4 riippuvaista. L\u00e4hteiss\u00e4ni el\u00e4imi\u00e4 kohtelivat kaltoin ihmiset aina piioista ja itsellisist\u00e4 varakkaisiin is\u00e4ntiin. Niin ik\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6t\u00e4tuntoisesti el\u00e4imiin suhtautuivat niin palvelusv\u00e4ki kuin talollisetkin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "My master\u2019s thesis is linked to the new trend in social and human sciences for the past few decades, that has been called the animal turn. It focuses on the relationship between humans and animals. I have researched animal abuse cases in Central Finland in 1890\u2019s. My main source is the court records from the jurisdictional district of Viitasaari 1890\u20131900. My research questions are: what were the consequences of the animal abuse article of the 1889 legal code in practice, how animal abuse was defined, and whether there was a top-down social control in these cases. In addition, I ascertain the status of different animals in agrarian society. I also explore the attitudes, actions and ideology of the local society for the prevention of cruelty to animals. For background, I have examined the prevention of cruelty to animal acts and their development in England, the United States, Sweden and the Grand Duchy of Finland. In addition I observe the connections between top-down social control and the societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals.\nIn the 1890\u2019s there was society for the prevention of cruelty to animals in Central Finland: Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n el\u00e4insuojelusyhdistys. It was founded in 1878 and located in Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. Their operations were limited to the city and surrounding areas. Their activity had great variance, and in the middle of the decade the organization was not functioning at all. The society\u2019s members were of the local financial and political elite. It focused mainly on confiscating run-down horses at the city market and spreading guidance to educate about animal abuse. From their phrasings it can be seen that the operation was mainly aimed at the commoners from the countryside.\nThe transition in to the new animal abuse act of the legal code did not have an impact to the number of animal abuse cases or in the harshness of the convictions. The verdicts were more linked to the details of individual cases. The animal abuse cases were mostly about horses: they were an expensive status animal and their uses were highly visible. In addition, the animal cruelty prevention societies in small cities were focused on horses and the training and attending of horses were considered to be masculine responsibilities. In the agrarian society it was thought that there was a \u201ccontract\u201d between humans and farm animals. The animals needed to be obedient and hard-working and the human\u2019s obligation was to take care of the animal. In Central Finland during the 1890\u2019s animal abuse could be defined as the lack of good care, which was considered as having food to eat, water to drink, a shelter and enough rest. Using physical punishments was commonly accepted, but not when it went too far. Using an injured or sick animal for work or demanding insurmountable work efforts especially by force were thought of as animal abuse. The definition of animal cruelty varied among individuals. Based on my source material there was not, at least visible, social control in the animal abuse court cases. I state that treating animals well was not only dependent on the era, wealth or social status. In the court cases I examined, cruelty as well as empathy towards animals was shown by maidservants, farmhands, merchants and wealthy farmers alike.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2019-12-20T06:43:33Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-20T06:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "120", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "el\u00e4ink\u00e4\u00e4nne", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Keski-Suomi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Viitasaari", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "social control", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "animal abuse", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "animal cruelty", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "animal turn", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "\"Kun hevonen tarvitsi semmoisen kurituksen\" : el\u00e4inr\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00e4ys ja -suojelu Keski-Suomessa 1890\u20131900", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, 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