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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Haapakoski, Marko", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Sievert, Thorbj\u00f6rn", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Yl\u00f6nen, HAnnu", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kervola, Anna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-10-16T06:53:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-10-16T06:53:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/65892", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ilmastonmuutoksen my\u00f6t\u00e4 on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 seurata vaihtuvissa ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6olosuhteissa el\u00e4vi\u00e4 el\u00e4inpopulaatioita- ja yhdyskuntia. Modernit riistakamerat mahdollistavat el\u00e4inten tarkkailun luonnollisessa ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus t\u00e4ht\u00e4si riistakameroiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6n testaamiseen luonnontilaisissa piennis\u00e4k\u00e4syhteis\u00f6iss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 tarhatuissa populaatioissa talvella ja kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4. Ennusteiden mukaan ilmastonmuutos tulee aiheuttamaan lumipeitteen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n laskua ja maantieteellist\u00e4 ep\u00e4tasaisuutta. T\u00e4m\u00e4 vaikuttaa suoraan lumipeitteen alla talvensa viett\u00e4vien pienjyrsij\u00f6iden ruuan saantiin ja selviytymiseen. Pienten n\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4el\u00e4inten, kuten lumikon ja k\u00e4rppien, saalistuspaineella voi olla suuri merkitys pienten nis\u00e4kk\u00e4iden k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen ja selviytymiseen. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tavoite oli i) kokeellisesti tutkia lumikon hajun muodossa saalistusriskin vaikutuksia piennis\u00e4kk\u00e4iden ruuan etsint\u00e4\u00e4n ja aktiivisuuteen niin mets\u00e4ss\u00e4 kuin tarhoissakin ja ii) seurata talvehtivia piennis\u00e4k\u00e4syhteis\u00f6j\u00e4 useassa mets\u00e4tutkimuskohteessa. Tarkkailujakson aikana talven edetess\u00e4 piennis\u00e4kk\u00e4iden vierailut laatikoissa v\u00e4heniv\u00e4t. T\u00e4m\u00e4 saattaa johtua niiden v\u00e4h\u00e4isest\u00e4 liikkumisesta pakkasilla, mutta todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isemmin vierailut v\u00e4heniv\u00e4t piennis\u00e4kk\u00e4iden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n laskettua jyrk\u00e4sti talven aikana. Saalistusriski\u00e4 tutkittaessa oletuksena oli, ett\u00e4 piennis\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4t v\u00e4ltt\u00e4v\u00e4t tuoretta lumikon hajua, mutta hajun vaikutus heikkenee ajan my\u00f6t\u00e4. Ravinnonk\u00e4yt\u00f6n seuraamiseen k\u00e4ytin Giving-Up-Density (GUD) metodia, joka mittaa kuinka nopeasti el\u00e4in hylk\u00e4\u00e4 ruokintapaikan, kun saalistajan haju on tuore tai vanhentunut. Tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 luonnontilaisessa mets\u00e4maastossa pikkunis\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4t vierailevat useammin lumikon hajua sis\u00e4lt\u00e4viss\u00e4 laatikoissa, kun taas tarhaolosuhteissa vierailuja hajulaatikoissa on v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n. Piennis\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4t, jotka el\u00e4v\u00e4t luonnollisissa olosuhteissa, saattavat tarkastaa hajun l\u00e4hteen arvioidakseen todellisen saalistusriskin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 oli ensimm\u00e4inen kerta, kun Suomessa ker\u00e4ttiin tietoa piennis\u00e4k\u00e4syhteiskunnista riistakameroiden avulla. Tietoa ker\u00e4ttiin niin luonnontilaisesta mets\u00e4st\u00e4 koko talven ajalta kuin tarhaolosuhteista kev\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Along the predicted climate change scenarios, it is important to monitor animal populations and communities effectively under changing environmental conditions. Modern trail cameras allow monitoring in natural habitats without large manpower or extensive trappings. This study aimed at testing the use of trail cameras in natural small mammal communities and enclosure populations in winter and spring. Climate change will predictably lead to shorter and unstable snow cover affecting directly food supply and survival of small-mammals, spending their winter under the snow. Predation by small mustelids, like weasels and stoats, may strongly influence survival and behavior of prey small mammals. The aim of this study was i) to experimentally study predation risk effects in form of weasel odor on small mammal foraging and activity and ii) to automatically monitor wintering small mammal communities in several forest study areas. Predation risk effect experiments were done both in the forest and in the field enclosures using camera traps and feeding trays. During the forest monitoring period the number of rodent or shrew visits in the camera traps decreased as the winter progressed. Visit decrease may have been due small mammals moving less during freezing temperature, but more likely due to declining population density. In the predation risk experiment I hypothesized that small mammals would avoid fresh weasel odor but that the effect of odor would fade with time. For foraging I used the Giving-Up-Density -method (GUD), which measures how fast an animal abandons the foraging site when predator odor is either fresh or aged. The results show that there were more visits in the weasel odor boxes in the natural forested areas compared to the enclosures. It may be that small mammals in their natural environment inspect the odor source to assess the true predation risk. This was the first time to use camera traps in Finland for collecting information of small mammal communities, decline of numbers and activity. The information was collected from natural forest habitats over the winter and from experimental enclosures in spring.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-10-16T06:53:45Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-16T06:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "42", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Giving-Up-Density", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "odor", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sub-nivean", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Automatic camera traps in monitoring small mammals : the effect of predation risk on activity and foraging in winter and spring", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201910164472", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "jyrsij\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "nis\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "saalistus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kamerat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "rodents", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mammals", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "predation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "cameras", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", 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