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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Koskinen, Roope", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-09-25T07:02:00Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-09-25T07:02:00Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/65637", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelun tavoite on kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 perustuu hapenkuljetus- ja hermo-lihasj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n adaptaatioihin, jotka syntyv\u00e4t urheilijan harjoittelun j\u00e4rkytt\u00e4ess\u00e4 elimist\u00f6n homeostaasia ja palautumisen harjoitusten v\u00e4liss\u00e4 ollessa riitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4. Tasapaino kuormittumisen ja palautumisen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on elint\u00e4rke\u00e4 pyritt\u00e4ess\u00e4 v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n ylikuormitustiloja ja niist\u00e4 johtuvaa suorituskyvyn alenemista. Tutkijat kehittelev\u00e4t jatkuvasti uusia sovellutuksia t\u00e4m\u00e4n tasapainotilan seurantaan ja t\u00e4h\u00e4n menness\u00e4 yksi lupaavimmista menetelmist\u00e4 on sykev\u00e4livaihteluun perustuva seuranta. Lukuisia syd\u00e4men elektroniseen aktiivisuuteen ja verenkierron pulssiaaltoihin perustuvia mittareita on kehitelty viime vuosina, mutta t\u00e4m\u00e4n teknologian soveltaminen urheilijan p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4iseen el\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n ja sykev\u00e4livaihtelu-datan tulkinta harjoituskuorman optimoimiseksi on edelleen haastavaa huippu-urheilijoiden kanssa toimittaessa. Muutamissa tutkimuksissa on tutkittu huipputason urheilijoita, mutta suurin osa alan tutkimuksista on tehty joko kuntoilijoilla tai alemman tason kilpaurheilijoilla. N\u00e4iden tutkimusten sovellettavuus huippu-urheiluun on kyseenalaista ja siksi onkin eritt\u00e4in t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 etsi\u00e4 aktiivisesti k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llisi\u00e4 ja luotettavia mittareita ja huippu-urheiluun sopivia analyysity\u00f6kaluja. \n\n32 kest\u00e4vyysurheilijaa (29 suunnistajaa, 3 triathlonistia) 8 naista (ik\u00e4 22,1 \u00b1 3,2 vuotta, VO2max 52,5 \u00b1 3,6 ml/kg/min) ja 24 miest\u00e4 (ik\u00e4 22,2 \u00b1 5,2 vuotta, VO2max 65,2 \u00b1 5,0 ml/kg/min) osallistuivat tutkimukseen ja 24 n\u00e4ist\u00e4 urheilijoista oli mukana lopullisissa analyyseissa. Harjoittelua ei vakioitu mittausjaksolla, vaan urheilijoita pyydettiin raportoimaan kest\u00e4vyysharjoitteluaan ja subjektiivisesti arvioitua palautuneisuuttaan. Kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu raportoitiin kolmessa kategoriassa: 1= matalatehoinen >90min, 2= keski- ja kovatehoinen <45min, 3= keski- ja kovatehoinen >45min. Y\u00f6llinen sykev\u00e4livaihtelu ker\u00e4ttiin kuuden kuukauden mittausjaksolla EMFIT Qs- unisensorilla (Emfit Oy, Vaajakoski, Suomi). Sykev\u00e4livaihtelua verrattiin 1) subjektiiviseen tuntemukseen ja 2) raportoituun kest\u00e4vyysharjoitteluun. Lis\u00e4ksi sykev\u00e4livaihtelun pitk\u00e4aikaistrendej\u00e4 analysoitiin kuukausi- ja viikkotasolla. \n\nSykev\u00e4livaihtelun ja subjektiivisten tuntemusten yhteydet olivat ryhm\u00e4tasolla tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4, mutta k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4 hyvin heikkoja (LFnu r= 0.85; p<0.001 and RMSSD 90min avg r=0.33; p= 0.41). Yksil\u00f6tasolla subjektiivinen palautuneisuuden tunne korreloi v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n yhden sykev\u00e4livaihtelumuuttujan kanssa 17 / 19 tutkittavalla, mutta tulokset vaihtelivat suuresti riippuen yksil\u00f6st\u00e4. Ryhm\u00e4tasolla tyypin 1 kest\u00e4vyysharjoitus johti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti korkeampaan y\u00f6llisen sykev\u00e4livaihteluun verrattuna tyypin 2 ja 3 kovatehoisempiin harjoituksiin. Yksil\u00f6tasolla vain muutamien urheilijoiden sykev\u00e4livaihtelu erosi tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti eri harjoitustyyppien j\u00e4lkeisin\u00e4 \u00f6in\u00e4 ja sykev\u00e4livaihtelun trendeiss\u00e4 oli suurta vaihtelua yksil\u00f6iden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Pitk\u00e4n aikav\u00e4lin analyysiss\u00e4 havaittiin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti laskeva trendi sykev\u00e4livaihtelun kuukausikeskiarvoissa mittausjakson aikana sek\u00e4 yksil\u00f6 ett\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4tasolla.\n\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa palautumisen subjektiiviset ja objektiiviset mittarit korreloivat heikosti. Kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelun intensiteetti vaikuttaisi olevan kestoa merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4mpi tekij\u00e4 akuutin y\u00f6llisen sykev\u00e4livaihteluvasteen synnyss\u00e4. Johtuen tutkimuksen rajoitteista tuloksista ei voi tehd\u00e4 pit\u00e4vi\u00e4 johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksi\u00e4, mutta ne voivat antaa t\u00e4rkeit\u00e4 n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmia sykeseurannan toteuttamiseen hyv\u00e4n ja huipputason kest\u00e4vyysurheilijoilla. Sykev\u00e4livaihtelun laskeva trendi mittausjakson aikana asettaa kyseenalaiseksi tutkittujen urheilijoiden kuormittumisen ja palautumisen tasapainon kilpailukautta l\u00e4hestytt\u00e4ess\u00e4 ja t\u00e4m\u00e4 voisi olla kiinnostava jatkotutkimusaihe.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The goal of endurance training is to enhance endurance capacity. The enhancements in this capacity are based on the adaptations in the oxygen delivery system and neuromuscular system. To achieve these adaptations an athlete must train to disturb homeostasis and have adequate rest between trainings to recover. The balance between stress and recovery is vital to avoid overstress symptoms with maladapted sports performance. Sport scientists are constantly developing new solutions to follow this balance. So far one of the most promising solutions is heart rate variability-based stress-recovery-follow up. Several different measurement technologies have been developed using either electrical activity-based or pulse-based heart rate variability (HRV). The application of these technologies to real-world settings as well as the interpretation of the HRV data to adjust athlete\u00b4s training are still challenges when utilizing HRV in elite sports. Some stud-ies have been done with elite athletes, but most of the studies focusing on the effects on training have been done with either recreational of non-elite level athletes. The value of these studies in elite sports remain questionable and thus it is important to actively seek for the practical and reliable measurement technologies and appropriate HRV analyzes suitable for elite athletes.\n\n32 endurance athletes (29 orienteers, 3 triathletes), 8 women (age 22,1 \u00b1 3,2 yr, VO2max 52,5 \u00b1 3,6 ml/kg/min) and 24 men (age 22,2 \u00b1 5,2 yr, VO2max 65,2 \u00b1 5,0 ml/kg/min) participated the study. 24 of these athletes were included in the final analysis. Training was not standardized over the measurement period. Athletes were asked to report their endurance training and subjective ratings of stress and recovery. Endurance training was reported in 3 categories: 1= low-intensity >90min, 2= moderate-to-high intensity <45min, 3= moderate-to-high intensity >45min. Nocturnal HRV was collected during the 6 months measurement period with EMFIT Qs sleep tracker. Collected HRV measures were analyzed in relation to: 1) subjective ratings of recovery and 2) reported endurance trainings. Additionally, long-term HRV trends were analyzed with monthly average values.\n\nHRV parameters and subjective ratings of recovery had low, yet significant correlations (LFnu r= 0.85; p<0.001 and RMSSD 90min avg r=0.33; p= 0.41) on group level. On the individual level, subjectively reported recovery correlated with at least one HRV parameter in 17/ of 19 athletes, but the results varied a lot depending on the individual. When compared to training type 1, training types 2 and 3 led to significantly different nocturnal HRV levels when analyzed on group level. On the individual level, only few athletes had significantly altered HRV levels after the followed trainings and the HRV trends were inconsistent. Long-term analysis revealed significant decrease in HRV on monthly basis.\n\nSubjective and objective measures of recovery were shown to correlate weakly with each other. Endurance training intensity seems to play greater role in determining acute nocturnal HRV response to training, compared to training duration. Due to limitations in data, these results are not conclusive, but give important sights to recovery monitoring in good-to-elite level endurance athletes. The decrease of the HRV levels over the measurement period question the train-ing and recovery balance of these athletes when approaching to the competitive season and could be a potential interest for further studies.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-09-25T07:02:00Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-25T07:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "75", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "heart rate variability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "intensity", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "subjective feeling", "language": "", "element": 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