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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tuhkanen, Tuula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ngumba, Elijah", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Numminen, Ilona", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-09-02T05:29:34Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-09-02T05:29:34Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/65382", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "J\u00e4tevesien ja lietteiden sis\u00e4lt\u00e4m\u00e4t haitta-ainepitoisuudet, jotka johtuvat p\u00e4\u00e4osin riitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6mist\u00e4 puhdistusprosesseista, ovat olleet tutkinnan alla jo vuosikymmenten ajan mahdollisten ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6haittojen vuoksi. Yksi n\u00e4ist\u00e4 huolia aiheuttavista yhdisteryhmist\u00e4 on antibiootit, joita m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4t\u00e4\u00e4n s\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llisesti bakteeri-infektioiden hoitoon, ja jotka pystyv\u00e4t kulkeutumaan ruuansulatuselimist\u00f6n l\u00e4vitse osittain muuttumattomana ja osittain metaboliitteina, p\u00e4\u00e4tyen lopulta j\u00e4tevesiin. J\u00e4tevesien ja lietteiden mukana ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n kulkeutuneiden antibioottien tarkkaa vaikutusta ei tiedet\u00e4, sill\u00e4 pitoisuudet ovat pieni\u00e4, nanogrammoja litrassa, eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 akuutit toksisuuskokeet anna todellista kuvaa eli\u00f6iden altistumisesta. Koska jatkuvan j\u00e4tevesi- ja lietevirran mukana n\u00e4m\u00e4 matalat pitoisuudet voidaan laskea pysyviksi, krooniset, jopa 80 vuotta kest\u00e4v\u00e4t altistumistutkimukset kattaisivat paremmin todellisuuden. T\u00e4m\u00e4ntapaisten tutkimusten data on kuitenkin puutteellista tai olematonta. Suurin huolenaihe koskien antibioottien matalia pitoisuuksia on antibioottiresistenssiyden kehittyminen, sill\u00e4 matalissa pitoisuuksissa taudinaiheuttajat voivat selvit\u00e4 hengiss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 resistenssin kehittyneet yksil\u00f6t yleisty\u00e4. Syntynyt resisntessigeeni (antibiotic-resistance genes, ARG) voi siirty\u00e4 horisontaalisella geeninsiirrolla bakteerista toiseen (antibiotic resistant bacteria, ARB), mink\u00e4 seurauksena monien sairauksien hoito hankaloituisi ja kallistuisi.\r\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 Pro Gradu \u2013tutkielmassa kuvaillaan antibioottien k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 ja niiden mahdollista riski\u00e4 edesauttaa antibioottiresistenttien bakteerikantojen syntymiseen j\u00e4tevesij\u00e4rjestelmiss\u00e4 aiheesta l\u00f6ytyv\u00e4n kirjallisuuden mukaan. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin kolmen laajasti k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 olevan antibiootin; siprofloksasiinin (CIP), trimetopriimin (TMP) sek\u00e4 sulfametaksatsolin (SMX) pitoisuuksia Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n j\u00e4tevesienpuhdistuslaitoksien j\u00e4tevesist\u00e4 sek\u00e4 lietteist\u00e4. Tutkitut antibiootit havaittiin nestekromatografialaitteistolla, joka oli yhdistetty tandem massaspektrometriin (HPLC-MS/MS). J\u00e4tevesien pitoisuuksien perusteella CIP:sta katosi puhdistusprosessissa 80%, ja TMP kulki l\u00e4hes t\u00e4ysin puhdistusprosessin l\u00e4pi, kun taas SMX m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli lis\u00e4\u00e4ntynyt toisen laitoksen puhdistusprosessissa, mik\u00e4 voi osittain johtua t\u00e4m\u00e4n metaboliatuotteiden muuntumisesta takaisin alkuper\u00e4iseksi antibiootiksi. CIP oli ainoa mit\u00e4 havaittiin lietteess\u00e4, n. 730 \u03bcg kg-1. Tulokset ovat hyvin verrattavissa Suomessa mitattuihin pitoisuuksiin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The concentrations of pollutants in wastewater and sludge, mainly due to inadequate cleaning processes, have been under investigation for decades due to their potential environmental damage. One of these groups of concerns is the antibiotics since they are regularly prescribed for the treatment of bacterial infections, and are able to pass through the digestive tract partly unchanged and partly as metabolites, eventually ending up in wastewater. The exact effect of antibiotics released into the environment with wastewater and sludge is unknown as the concentrations are small (ng L-1), acute toxicity tests do not give a true picture of the exposure of organisms. As these low concentrations can be assumed to be persistent due to the continuous flow of wastewater and sludge, chronic, up to 80-year exposure studies would better cover the reality. However, data from this type of study is incomplete or non-existent. The greatest concern about low levels of antibiotics is the development of antibiotic resistance, because at low concentrations pathogens can survive and the developed individuals that have the resistance become more common due to natural selection. The resulting resistance gene (antibiotic-resistance genes, ARG) can be transmitted by horizontal gene transfer from one bacterium to another (antibiotic resistant Bacteria, ARB), as a result of which the treatment of many diseases would be complicated and expensive.\r\nThis Master\u2019s thesis describes the behavior of antibiotics and their potential risk of contributing to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in wastewater systems according to literature on the subject. In addition, three widely used antibiotics were investigated; ciprofloxacin (CIP), trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) concentrations in effluents and slurries from wastewater treatment plants in Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. The investigated antibiotics were detected by liquid chromatography apparatus connected to a tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS / MS). Based on wastewater concentrations, 80% of the CIP disappeared in the purification process, and TMP was almost completely passed through the purification process, while the SMX rate had increased in the second plant purification process, which may be partly due to the conversion of this metabolic product back to the original antibiotic. CIP was the only one found in the slurry, about 730 \u03bcg kg-1. Results obtained in this project are similar to the ones measured in Finland.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2019-09-02T05:29:34Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-02T05:29:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\r\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "65", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "antibiotics", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "CIP", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "HPLC", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "MS/MS", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sludge", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "SMX", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "TMP", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "wastewater", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The occurrence and problems of residual antibiotics during wastewater treatment", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201909023987", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede ja -teknologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science and technology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4015", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "j\u00e4tevesiliete", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "j\u00e4tevesi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "antibiootit", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "liete", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "j\u00e4teveden k\u00e4sittely", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "vedenk\u00e4sittely", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sewage sludge", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sewage", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "antibiotics", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sludge", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "waste water treatment", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "water treatment", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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