Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system

Kuluneiden vuosien aikana myös suomalaiset peruskoulut ovat saaneet huomata lisääntyneen maahanmuuton vaikutukset luokissaan. Onkin tärkeää tarkkailla miten opettajat sekä koulujärjestelmä vaikuttaa maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumiseen, sekä mitä sopeutumistavoitteita koulujärjestelmällä saattaa olla...

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Main Author: Harju, Kristiina
Other Authors: Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos, Department of Language and Communication Studies, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/65261
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author Harju, Kristiina
author2 Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Harju, Kristiina Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Harju, Kristiina Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Harju, Kristiina
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description Kuluneiden vuosien aikana myös suomalaiset peruskoulut ovat saaneet huomata lisääntyneen maahanmuuton vaikutukset luokissaan. Onkin tärkeää tarkkailla miten opettajat sekä koulujärjestelmä vaikuttaa maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumiseen, sekä mitä sopeutumistavoitteita koulujärjestelmällä saattaa olla näitä lapsia varten. Aineisto kerättiin haastattelemalla viittä peruskouluopettajaa ja analysoitiin käyttämällä Qualitative Content Analysis -menetelmää. Aineisto paljastaa, että opettajien odotuksia liittyen maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumiseen ei voida yhdistää suosittuihin kulttuurisen sopeutumisteorioihin merkitsevällä tavalla. Haastateltavien lausunnot näyttävät vastustavan assimilaatiota, jota korostetaan Kimin (2017) teoriassa, kuten myös Gibsonin (1995) teorian käsitystä, että koulujärjestelmät odottavat maahanmuuttajalasten assimiloituvan uuteen kulttuuriin. Aineisto antaa ymmärtää, että opettajat tukevat integraatiota sekä monikulttuurisuutta, minkä vuoksi on mahdollista yhdistää aineiston tulokset Berryn (1997) teoriaan. Haastateltavat ilmaisivat myös essentialistisia käsityksiä kulttuurista, samoin kuin tässä tutkimuksessa käsitellyt sopeutumisteoriat. Valtaosa haastateltavista olivat sitä mieltä, että opettajien rooli maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumisprosessissa on suuri. Haastateltavat huomauttivat, että vaikka ikätovereillakin voi olla suuri vaikutus tässä prosessissa, opettajien vastuulla on varmistaa, että koulu on turvallinen paikka kaikille oppilaille, sekä korjata ikätovereiden rasistisia asenteita. Aineisto paljastaa monia menetelmiä, joita opettajat voivat käyttää vaikuttaakseen maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumisprosessiin. Haastateltavat korostivat opettajakoulutuksen, maahanmuuttajalasten kielenopetuksen, valmistavan opetuksen, integraatiotuntien, yleisen oppilaiden tukemisen sekä monikulttuurisuuden tukemisen tärkeyttä. Tämän tutkimuksen löydöksien perusteella ehdotan, että monikulttuurista opetusta sekä koulujärjestelmää muutettaisiin niin, että pyrittäisiin välttämään essentialistista käsitystä kulttuurista, jotta voitaisiin tarjota paremmat olosuhteet kaikille oppilaille, taustasta riippumatta. During the past few years Finnish schools have experienced the effects of increased immigration within their classrooms. It is important to examine how teachers and the education system affects the adaptation of immigrant children and what adaptation goals the education system holds for these children. Data was gathered by interviewing five comprehensive school teachers, and the transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using Qualitative Content Analysis. The data reveals that teachers’ expectations regarding the adaptation of immigrant children in the education system cannot be connected to popular adaptation theories in a meaningful way. Statements made by interviewees seem to oppose assimilationist notions of cross-cultural adaptation theory, as well as the suggestion by additive acculturation theory that education systems expect immigrant children to assimilate to a new culture. The data suggests that teachers support integration and multiculturality, which allows for a connection to be made to the acculturation strategies. The data also shows that interviewees hold quite essentialist views of culture, similar to most adaptation theories discussed in this study. The majority of the interviewees agreed that teachers play a great role in the adaptation process of immigrant children. Teachers found that although peers can play a big role in this process as well, it is the teachers’ responsibility to ensure the school is a safe place for all students and to correct racist attitudes of peers. The data reveals multiple methods teachers could use to affect the adaptation process of immigrant children. Interviewees highlighted the importance of teacher training, language education for immigrant students, preparatory education, integration among peers, support, and the promotion of multiculturality within the school. Based on the findings of this study, I suggest that the education system and multicultural training should steer away from providing an essentialist understanding of culture in order to better accommodate students of all backgrounds and avoid othering immigrant students.
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Onkin t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 tarkkailla miten opettajat sek\u00e4 kouluj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 vaikuttaa maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumiseen, sek\u00e4 mit\u00e4 sopeutumistavoitteita kouluj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 saattaa olla n\u00e4it\u00e4 lapsia varten. Aineisto ker\u00e4ttiin haastattelemalla viitt\u00e4 peruskouluopettajaa ja analysoitiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 Qualitative Content Analysis -menetelm\u00e4\u00e4.\r\nAineisto paljastaa, ett\u00e4 opettajien odotuksia liittyen maahanmuuttajalasten sopeutumiseen ei voida yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 suosittuihin kulttuurisen sopeutumisteorioihin merkitsev\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavalla. Haastateltavien lausunnot n\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t vastustavan assimilaatiota, jota korostetaan Kimin (2017) teoriassa, kuten my\u00f6s Gibsonin (1995) teorian k\u00e4sityst\u00e4, ett\u00e4 kouluj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t odottavat maahanmuuttajalasten assimiloituvan uuteen kulttuuriin. 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spellingShingle Harju, Kristiina Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system immigrant children adaptation cultural adaptation education system Finnish education system Intercultural Management and Communication 3136 maahanmuuttajat opettajat maahanmuutto immigrants teachers immigration
title Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system
title_full Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system
title_fullStr Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system
title_full_unstemmed Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system
title_short Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system
title_sort teachers perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the finnish education system
title_txtP Teachers' perceptions of the adaptation of immigrant children within the Finnish education system
topic immigrant children adaptation cultural adaptation education system Finnish education system Intercultural Management and Communication 3136 maahanmuuttajat opettajat maahanmuutto immigrants teachers immigration
topic_facet 3136 Finnish education system Intercultural Management and Communication adaptation cultural adaptation education system immigrant children immigrants immigration maahanmuuttajat maahanmuutto opettajat teachers
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/65261 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201908213862
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