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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tuhkanen, Tuula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Sormunen, Kai", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Hirvonen, Mikael", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-06-27T11:23:09Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-06-27T11:23:09Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64881", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Muovien hajoamattomuus on synnytt\u00e4nyt ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ongelman, jota yritet\u00e4\u00e4n\r\nratkaista biohajoavien muovien avulla. Samalla m\u00e4d\u00e4tys ker\u00e4\u00e4 suosiota\r\norgaanisen j\u00e4tteen k\u00e4sittelymenetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 biokaasupotentiaalin ja\r\nmaanparannusaineeksi soveltuvan m\u00e4d\u00e4tysj\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksen ansiosta. Muovien on\r\nkuitenkin havaittu haittaavan m\u00e4d\u00e4tyslaitosten toimintaa Muovien\r\nbiohajoamistutkimukset ovat my\u00f6s painottuneet aerobisiin oloihin, kuten\r\nkompostointiin ja maaper\u00e4kokeisiin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus pyrkii tarkastelemaan\r\nmuovin m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 bioj\u00e4tteess\u00e4 ja termoplastisesta t\u00e4rkkelyksest\u00e4 valmistetun\r\nbiomuovin hajoamista anaerobisissa oloissa. Tutkimus tehtiin mesofiilisena\r\nm\u00e4rk\u00e4m\u00e4d\u00e4tyskokeena. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tarkastelulla biomuovilla on\r\nEN13432-sertifikaatti, joka osoittaa tuotteen hajoavan teollisessa kompostoinnissa.\r\nTutkimukseen kuului kaksi aikaj\u00e4nnett\u00e4; 30 ja 90 vuorokautta.\r\nTutkimusmateriaalit olivat termoplastinen t\u00e4rkkelys, LLDPE ja paperi, joista\r\nLLDPE:t\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin negatiivisena kontrollina, eli materiaalina, jonka ei odotettu\r\nhajoavan ja paperi taas oli positiivinen kontrolli. Materiaalien hajoamista\r\ntarkasteltiin visuaalisten havaintojen, massah\u00e4vi\u00f6n ja tuotetun biokaasun avulla.\r\nTermoplastinen t\u00e4rkkelys menetti keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 14,9 \u00b1 0.3 % massastaan 30\r\nvuorokaudessa ja 21 \u00b1 1 % 90 vuorokaudessa. Biokaasun tuottoon perustuvat\r\nmineralisaatioasteet ovat eritt\u00e4in ep\u00e4varmoja, koska materiaalien\r\nhiilipitoisuudesta ei ollut varmaa tietoa ja reaktorit k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4t osin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4\r\nhappi-inhibitiosta. V\u00e4h\u00e4inen biohajoaminen on mahdollista, sill\u00e4 suurin\r\nsaavutettu mineralisaatioaste termoplastiselle t\u00e4rkkelykselle oli 14 % 30:ss\u00e4\r\nvuorokaudessa, mutta lukeman todettiin olevan virhemarginaalissa. Pidemm\u00e4n\r\naikajakson hy\u00f6dyist\u00e4 suurempana mineralisaatioasteena ei saatu todisteita, vaikka\r\ntermoplastinen t\u00e4rkkelys menettikin 6 prosenttiyksikk\u00f6\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n massaa 90\r\nvuorokaudessa 30 vuorokauden kokeeseen verrattuna, mik\u00e4 oli tilastollisesti\r\nmerkitsev\u00e4 ero. Biokaasun tuotanto hidastui 30:n vuorokauden j\u00e4lkeen, joten\r\nsuuremman massah\u00e4vi\u00f6n 90 vuorokauden kokeessa ajateltiin johtuvan suurelta\r\nosin ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tekij\u00f6ist\u00e4. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tarkastellun termoplastisen t\u00e4rkkelyksen ei\r\ntodettu hajoavan merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti anaerobisisssa olosuhteissa EN13432 sertifikaatista\r\nhuolimatta, mik\u00e4 osoittaa etteiv\u00e4t aerobisissa olosuhteissa hajoavat muovit hajoa\r\nm\u00e4d\u00e4tyksess\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Plastics once applauded for their durability are now causing environmental harm\r\nfor the same reason. To mitigate this issue, biodegradable plastics have been\r\ndeveloped. Degradation studies however have mostly been conducted in aerobic\r\nconditions such as composting and soil. Anaerobic digestion has some advantages\r\nover aerobic digestion, for example anaerobic digestion produces methane rich\r\nbiogas that can be used as a fuel. Plastics have been noted to be problematic for\r\nanaerobic digestion. This study aims to examine plastic contents in biowaste and\r\nprovide insight on anaerobic degradability of thermoplastic starch, a kind of\r\nplastic made out of starch. The study was conducted as a wet digestion batch\r\nexperiment in 37 \u00b0C with retention times of 30 and 90 days. Digestate from\r\nMustankorkea anaerobic digestion plant was used as inoculum and leftover food\r\nfrom Ylist\u00f6 restaurant was used to provide nutrients for the microbes. Sample\r\nmaterials were thermoplastic starch, LLDPE and paper. Degradability was\r\nassessed as relative mass loss and as amount of biogas produced out of theoretical\r\nmaximum while also observing the materials visually. Theoretical maximum\r\nbiogas yield was calculated assuming all carbon in a sample was converted into\r\nbiogas. Thermoplastic starch lost on average 14.9 \u00b1 0.3 % of mass in 30 days and 21\r\n\u00b1 1 % in 90 days. Meanwhile paper was completely disintegrated in 30 days and\r\nLLPDE gained mass possibly due to biofilm formation. Statistically signifigant\r\nincrease in mass loss shows that degradation of thermoplastic starch continued\r\nthroughout the last 60 days of test, albeit at reduced rate, despite minimal\r\nmicrobial activity. Plastics yielded less biogas than the mixture of inoculum and\r\nfood waste resulting in the mineralization degrees being mostly negative. A low\r\nlevel of mineralisation may be achievable for the TPS studied here, as the highest\r\nmineralisation degree reached was 14 % in 30 days. However the margin of error for mineralisation degrees in this study is remarkable due to uncertainty regarding the carbon contents of the sample materials and notable oxygen inhibition, so 14 % is quite likely within the margin of error.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2019-06-27T11:23:09Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-27T11:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\r\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "71", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "anaerobic digestion", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "thermoplastic starch", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Degradation of bioplastic in anaerobic conditions", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201906273484", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede ja -teknologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science and technology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "1400", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "student", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4015", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomuovi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "bioj\u00e4tteet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biokaasu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "muovi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biohajoaminen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "bioplastic", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biowaste", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biogas", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "plastic", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biodegradation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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