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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Juutinen, Taija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Rantalainen, Timo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Jyl\u00e4nki, Pinja", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-06-20T09:41:20Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-06-20T09:41:20Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64775", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kansallisten tutkimusten mukaan lapset liikkuvat entist\u00e4 v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n ja vain kolmannes lapsista liikkuu kansainv\u00e4listen suositusten mukaisesti. Vaikka suositukset t\u00e4yttyisiv\u00e4tkin, lapset ovat suurimman osan p\u00e4iv\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n paikallaan \ntai liikkuvat eritt\u00e4in kevyesti. Monipuolinen liikunta ja erilaisten taitojen harjoittaminen mahdollistavat motoristen \nperustaitojen kattavan kehittymisen. Motorisissa taidoissa ja motorisessa koordinaatiossa on havaittu heikentymist\u00e4 vuosikymmenten aikana muun muassa lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneen ylipainon johdosta. Koaktivaatiota eli p\u00e4\u00e4- ja vastavaikuttajalihasten yhteisaktivaatiota esiintyy nivelt\u00e4 ymp\u00e4r\u00f6iviss\u00e4 lihaksissa usein nivelt\u00e4 vakauttavana tekij\u00e4n\u00e4. \nKoaktivaatiossa on havaittu yhteyksi\u00e4 fyysisen aktiivisuuden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n esimerkiksi hypyiss\u00e4 ja py\u00f6r\u00e4ilyss\u00e4. Tutkimuksia juoksunaikaisista koaktivaatioista on tehty varsin v\u00e4h\u00e4n etenkin lapsilla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkielman tarkoituksena \noli tutkia motorisen koordinaation ja juoksunaikaisen reisilihasten koaktivaation yhteyksi\u00e4 1., 3. ja 5. luokkalaisilla \nlapsilla. Motorisen koordinaation ja koaktivaation yhteyksien lis\u00e4ksi tarkasteltiin koaktivaation yhteyksi\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4n \nsek\u00e4 juoksun koordinaatiomallin kehittymist\u00e4 askelten toistettavuuden kautta. \n\nTutkimukseen osallistui yhteens\u00e4 35 vapaaehtoista tutkittavaa, joista 21 oli tytt\u00f6j\u00e4 ja 14 poikia i\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4n 7 \u2013 11-\nvuotiaita. Juoksumittaukset toteutettiin 200 metrin sis\u00e4juoksuradalla Hipposhallissa lapsen omavalintaisella juoksunopeudella. Juoksun aikaisen lihasaktiivisuuden mittaamiseen k\u00e4ytettiin elektromyografiaa (EMG) ja kiihtyvyyden mittaamiseen vy\u00f6t\u00e4r\u00f6lle kiinnitett\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 kiihtyvyysanturia. K\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 olleet EMG-shortsit mittasivat etu- ja takareiden lihasryhmien aktiivisuutta shortseihin kiinnitetyill\u00e4 tekstiilielektrodeilla. Kiihtyvyyden avulla EMG-\ndatasta tunnistettiin askelparit kustomoidulla Matlab laskentakoodilla. Koaktivaation kynnysarvona k\u00e4ytettiin k\u00e4velyn EMG-arvoja ja lihaksen todettiin olevan aktiivisena kynnysarvon ylitt\u00e4ess\u00e4\u00e4n. Lopullinen koaktivaatio ilmoitettiin prosenttiosuutena askelsyklist\u00e4, lihasparien ollessa yht\u00e4aikaisesti aktiivisena. Motorista koordinaatiota \nmitattiin K\u00f6rperkoordinationstest f\u00fcr Kinder (KTK)-testist\u00f6ll\u00e4, joka koostui takaperin tasapainoilusta, esteen yli \nkinkkauksesta, sivuttaishyppelyst\u00e4 ja sivuttaissiirtymisest\u00e4. KTK-testist\u00f6 on kansainv\u00e4lisesti laajalti k\u00e4ytetty menetelm\u00e4 motorisen koordinaation mittaamisessa ja sen validiteetti sek\u00e4 reliabiliteetti on osoitettu hyv\u00e4ksi. Mittaukset toteutettiin osana Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston CHIPASE-projektia, jonka aikana tutkittaville suoritettiin my\u00f6s muita \nmittauksia. \n\nTutkimus osoitti, ett\u00e4 suurella osalla (70,6 %) lapsista oli normaalit motoriset koordinaationtaidot. Tilastollisesti \nmerkitsevi\u00e4 eroja l\u00f6ytyi 3. ja 5. luokkalaisten KTK-tulosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p = 0,048). Koaktivaation ja motorisen koordinaation v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin positiivinen yhteys, mutta hypoteesin ja aiempien tutkimusten vastaisesti heikon motorisen koordinaation todettiin korreloivan alhaiseen koaktivaatioprosenttiin (rs = 0,611; n = 13; p = 0,026). My\u00f6s \naikaisempien tutkimustulosten vastaisesti 5. luokkalaisilla lapsilla havaittiin koaktivaatiota (70 % askelsyklist\u00e4) \nkeskim\u00e4\u00e4rin enemm\u00e4n, kuin 3. ja 1. luokkalaisilla (alle 60 %). Juoksuaskeleet olivat 3. ja 5. luokkalaisilla keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin yht\u00e4 toistettavia. EMG-signaaleja tarkasteltaessa huomattiin, ett\u00e4 5. ja 3. luokkalaisilla lapsilla oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n vaihtelevuutta EMG-signaalissa verrattuna 1. luokkalaisiin. \n\nTuloksista voidaan p\u00e4\u00e4tell\u00e4, ett\u00e4 ik\u00e4\u00e4n suhteutettu motorisen koordinaation kompetenssi kasvaa i\u00e4n my\u00f6t\u00e4. My\u00f6s \njuoksun koordinaatiomalli vakiintuu kehityksen my\u00f6t\u00e4 ja t\u00e4m\u00e4 n\u00e4kyy EMG-signaalissa selke\u00e4mp\u00e4n\u00e4 lihasaktiivisuusmallina. Koaktivaation ja motorisen koordinaation v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin yhteys, mutta se oli ristiriidassa aiempiin \ntutkimustuloksiin. Aihetta tulisi tutkia lis\u00e4\u00e4 esimerkiksi tarkemmalla pinta elektromyografialla. Kuitenkin aiheen \ntutkiminen on haasteellista lasten EMG-aktiivisuuden suuren vaihtelun takia.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "According to previous studies, elementary school children are less active and only one third of the children \nachieves international physical activity (PA) recommendations. Although the physical activity recommendations are achieved, children are usually inactive or the intensity of PA is very light during the day. Versatile \nskill exercises are needed while developing motor skill capacity. Motor skills and motor coordination skills \nin children have been decreasing in previous decades and one of the reasons for that is increased obesity. \nCoactivation occurs when agonist and antagonist muscles are activated at the same time. Previous studies \nsuggest that physical activity level correlates to muscle coactivation in jumping and cycling. In children, \ncoactivation during running has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to examine correlation between motor coordination, age and coactivation in elementary school aged children. Also, coordination \nmodel of running was examined based on gait cycle repeatability. \n\nTogether 35 voluntary subjects, involving 21 girls and 14 boys age 7 \u2013 11 years participated to the study. \nRunning test was performed on 200-meter indoor track in Hipposhalli. Subjects got to choose their own \nrunning speed. While running the muscle activity was measured with electromyography (EMG) and acceleration with acceleration meter placed on subject\u2019s waist. Muscle activity was measured with EMG-shorts that \nmeasures muscle activation with textile electrodes. Acceleration was used to identify running pace from the \nEMG signal with customized Matlab script. EMG from walking was used as threshold in coactivation. When \nactivation level in the muscle increased over threshold, the muscle was activated. Coactivation is reported as \npercentage of the gait, when muscle pair was activated at the same time. Motor coordination was measured \nwith K\u00f6rperkoordinationstest f\u00fcr Kinder (KTK). The KTK-test involves walking backwards, hopping for \nheight, jumping sideways and moving sideways. KTK is widely used to measure motor coordination and its \nvalidity and reliability have been proven to be good. All measurements were part of ongoing CHIPASE-\nstudy in University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. \n\nThe results show that 70,6 % of the subjects had normal motor coordination skills. Significant differences \nwere found between 3rd and 5th graders KTK-test results (p = 0,048). Positive correlation was found between \ncoactivation and motor coordination (rs = 0,611; n = 13; p = 0,026). Although the correlation was opposite \nto our hypothesis and previous studies. Also 5th graders had more coactivation (approximately 70 % of the \ngait) than 3rd and 1st graders (under 60 %). Running gait cycle repeatability was approximately the same \nbetween 3rd and 5th graders and they had less variability in the EMG signals than 1st graders. \n\nAs conclusion we can assume that motor coordination competence increases with age. Also, coordination \nmodel of the running becomes stable with age and that leads to less variability in the EMG signal. There was \npositive correlation between motor coordination and coactivation, but it was in contradiction with previous \nstudies. More research needs to be done for further conclusions. Although, it is hard to collect good quality \nEMG data from children, we suggest that coactivation should be studied with surface EMG in the future.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-06-20T09:41:20Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-20T09:41:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "67", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "motorinen koordinaatio", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "KTK-testist\u00f6", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "koaktivaatio", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Motorinen koordinaatio ja sen yhteys juoksunaikaiseen reisilihasten yhteisaktivaatioon alakouluik\u00e4isill\u00e4 lapsilla", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201906203365", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "alakoululaiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "motoriset taidot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "koordinaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "motorinen kehitys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "juoksu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "elektromyografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lihakset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "motoriikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aktiivisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", 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