The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory

Unella on tärkeä merkitys pitkäkestoisen muistin tehokkaassa toiminnassa. Tyypillisesti pitkäkestoinen muisti jaetaan toimintatapamuistiin, joka sisältää taidot ja toimintatavat sekä asiamuistiin, joka puolestaan sisältää tietomuistin ja tapahtumamuistin. Tietomuisti sisältää yleistä faktatietoa, ku...

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Main Authors: Kaarnalehto, Elisa, Kinnunen, Veera
Other Authors: Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Psykologian laitos, Department of Psychology, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2019
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64297
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author Kaarnalehto, Elisa Kinnunen, Veera
author2 Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta Faculty of Education and Psychology Psykologian laitos Department of Psychology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Kaarnalehto, Elisa Kinnunen, Veera Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta Faculty of Education and Psychology Psykologian laitos Department of Psychology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Kaarnalehto, Elisa Kinnunen, Veera Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta Faculty of Education and Psychology Psykologian laitos Department of Psychology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Kaarnalehto, Elisa
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description Unella on tärkeä merkitys pitkäkestoisen muistin tehokkaassa toiminnassa. Tyypillisesti pitkäkestoinen muisti jaetaan toimintatapamuistiin, joka sisältää taidot ja toimintatavat sekä asiamuistiin, joka puolestaan sisältää tietomuistin ja tapahtumamuistin. Tietomuisti sisältää yleistä faktatietoa, kun taas tapahtumamuisti sisältää aikaan ja paikkaan sidoksissa olevia kokemuksia. Uni sen sijaan jaetaan perusuneen (engl. non rapid eye movement sleep eli NREM) sekä vilkeuneen (engl. rapid eye movement sleep eli REM). Unessa esiintyy myös erilaisia mikrorakenteita. Asiamuistiin luokiteltavissa olevan tiedon omaksumisessa ja konsolidaatiossa keskeisessä asemassa ovat kaksi perusunen mikrorakennetta: unisukkulat ja hidasaallot. Yksi keskeinen perusunen mikrorakenne on myös K-kompleksi. Sen merkitystä asiamuistin toiminnassa ei kuitenkaan juurikaan ole tutkittu. Tässä tutkimuksessa mittasimme koehenkilöiden unta polysomnografialla kolmena peräkkäisenä yönä. Lisäksi mittasimme heidän tietomuistinsa toimintaa Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test -nimisellä testillä sekä tapahtumamuistin toimintaa Logical Memory -nimisellä testillä. Koehenkilöt suorittivat testit toisen mittausyön jälkeisenä mittauspäivänä. Lisäksi kolmannen mittausyön jälkeisenä mittauspäivänä suoritettiin vielä viivästetyt mieleenpalautukset. Tuloksemme osoittivat, että uuden tiedon oppiminen ei vaikuta K-kompleksimäärään, vaan K-kompleksimäärä on yksilöllinen ominaisuus, joka vaikuttaa asiamuistiin. Mitä korkeampi yksilölle ominainen K-kompleksimäärä on, sitä paremmin hän omaksuu tietomuistiin luokiteltavissa olevaa tietoa. Näin ollen tutkimuksemme lisäsi tietoa unen ja asiamuistin välisistä yhteyksistä. Arvelemme, että K-kompleksien merkitys asiamuistin toiminnassa selittyy K-kompleksien, hidasaaltojen ja unisukkuloiden toiminnallisella yhteydellä. Lisäksi tuloksemme viittaavat siihen, että tietomuisti hyötyy pääosin perusunesta ja tapahtumamuisti vilkeunesta. Tutkimuksemme siis osoitti paitsi sen, että K-kompleksiaktiivisuudella saattaa olla hyvinkin merkityksellinen asema asiamuistin toiminnassa, myös sen, että asiamuistin kahden osa-alueen toimintaan näyttäisivät vaikuttavan eri unen osa-alueet. Sleep has an important role in the efficient functioning of long-term memory. Long-term memory is generally divided into procedural and declarative memory. Procedural memory comprises skills and procedures, whereas declarative memory comprises semantic and episodic memories. Semantic memories comprise factual information and episodic memories comprise time and place specific memories. Sleep, for its part, is divided into non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Within the NREM and REM sleep, there are different microstructures. Central to the encoding and consolidation of declarative memories is the functioning of two NREM sleep microstructures: spindles and slow oscillations. However, it remains almost completely unexamined whether another important NREM microstructure, K-complex, has a role in the functioning of declarative memory. In this study, we measured the participants’ sleep via polysomnography (PSG) in three subsequent nights. Additionally, we measured their semantic memory via Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and episodic memory via a test named Logical Memory. The participants conducted the tests on the day after the second night’s PSG recordings. Furthermore, the participants conducted delayed recalls on the day after the third night’s PSG recordings. The results of our study showed that the K-complex quantity is not affected by the encoding of declarative information but rather, the K-complex quantity is an individual feature that affects the declarative memory. The higher the individual’s baseline quantity of K-complexes, the better their semantic learning potential. Our results therefore added to the knowledge of the connections between sleep and declarative memory by showing that the activity of K-complexes is also relevant to the functioning of declarative memory. We speculate that the importance of K-complexes on the declarative memory functions might be explained by the intertwinement of K-complexes, slow oscillations, and spindles. In addition, our results indicated that semantic memory mainly benefits from NREM sleep, whereas episodic memory benefits from REM sleep. Thus, our study not only showed that the K-complex activity may have an important role in the functioning of semantic memory, but also that different sleep-dependent processes underlie the two declarative memory components.
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spellingShingle Kaarnalehto, Elisa Kinnunen, Veera The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory polysomnography K-complex declarative memory semantic memory episodic memory Psykologia Psychology 202 uni (lepotila) muisti (kognitio) sleep memory (cognition)
title The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
title_full The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
title_fullStr The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
title_full_unstemmed The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
title_short The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
title_sort connections between k complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
title_txtP The connections between K-complex activity and the functioning of declarative memory
topic polysomnography K-complex declarative memory semantic memory episodic memory Psykologia Psychology 202 uni (lepotila) muisti (kognitio) sleep memory (cognition)
topic_facet 202 K-complex Psychology Psykologia declarative memory episodic memory memory (cognition) muisti (kognitio) polysomnography semantic memory sleep uni (lepotila)
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64297 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201906042907
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