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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kainulainen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lehti, Maarit", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Lehtonen, Elias", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-05-22T08:42:39Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-05-22T08:42:39Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/64109", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto. Haaraketjuiset aminohapot (HKAH, leusiini, isoleusiini, valiini) ja niiden aineenvaihdunta on liitetty parempaan aineenvaihdunnalliseen terveyteen, pidemp\u00e4\u00e4n elinkaareen, parantuneeseen glukoosi- ja rasva-aineenvaihduntaan sek\u00e4 mitokondrioiden biogeneesiin. Toisaalta kohonnut HKAH:n pitoisuus veress\u00e4 on liitetty lihavuuteen, aineenvaihdunnallisiin sairauksiin, insuliiniresistenssiin sek\u00e4 tyypin 2 diabetekseen. On ehdotettu, ett\u00e4 muutokset HKAH hajotuksessa, ei niiden saannissa, on yhteydess\u00e4 aineenvaihdunnallisiin sairauksiin. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella HKAH altistuksen vaikutuksia raajalihassolun mitokondrioiden bioenergetiikkaan C2C12 myoblasteissa. Menetelm\u00e4t. C2C12 myoblastit altistettiin kasvaneelle HKAH pitoisuudelle (5 mM leusiini, 5 mM isoleusiini, 5mM valiini) 24 tunnin ajan, 4 tunnin ajan tai akuutisti ja niiden soluhengityst\u00e4 verrattiin kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n korkean resoluution respirometrialla. Soluhengityst\u00e4 tutkittiin sek\u00e4 hiilihydraatti- ett\u00e4 rasvapohjaisen aerobisen aineenvaihdunnan yhteydess\u00e4. Hiilihydraattipohjaisessa soluhengityksess\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin fysiologinen (Routine), protonivuoto (Leak), Kompleksi I, Kompleksi I + II (OXPHOS), elektroninsiirtoketjun maksimikapasiteetti (ETS) sek\u00e4 Kompleksi II linkittynyt soluhengitys. Rasvapohjaisessa hengityksess\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin fysiologinen (Routine), protonivuoto (Leak), rasva-happojen oksidaatio (FAO) sek\u00e4 ETS hengitysvaiheet. Lis\u00e4ksi mitattiin proteiinikonsentraatio ja sitraattisyntaasin aktiivisuus. Hengitysarvot suhteutettiin solum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n, proteiinikonsentraatioon sek\u00e4 sitraattisyntaasin aktiivisuuteen. Lis\u00e4ksi hengitysarvot suhteutettiin maksimaaliseen ETS kapasiteettiin. \nTulokset. 24 tunnin HKAH altistus kasvatti tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti ETS hengityst\u00e4 hiilihydraattiaineenvaihdunnan osalta verrattuna kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (p < 0.05), 4 tunnin ja akuutin altistuksen osalta ei havaittu eroja suhteessa kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. 24 tunnin ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4 oli hiilihydraattiaineenvaihdunnan osalta tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti matalampi OXPHOS hengitys (p < 0.01) suhteutettuna ETS hengitykseen verrattuna kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. Rasva-aineenvaihdunnan osalta ei havaittu eroja hengitysvaiheissa eri ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Sitraattisyntaasin aktiivisuudessa sek\u00e4 proteiinikonsentraatioissa ei ollut eroja koeryhmien osalta. Johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset. HKAH altistus kasvattaa maksimaalista soluhengityst\u00e4 hiilihydraatti-, mutta ei rasvahappopohjaisessa soluhengityksess\u00e4. HKAH vaikutus on yhteydess\u00e4 altistusaikaan siten, ett\u00e4 pitk\u00e4 (24h) altistus kasvatti maksimaalista soluhengityst\u00e4, mutta lyhyt (4h) tai akuutti altistus eiv\u00e4t vaikuttaneet soluhengitykseen. HKAH voi olla mahdollisia hy\u00f6tyj\u00e4 hiilihydraattipohjaisessa soluhengityksess\u00e4. Sen sijaan negatiivisia vaikutuksia HKAH altistukseen ei havaittu soluhengityksen suhteen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, leucine, isoleucine, valine) and their metabolism have been linked to improved metabolic health, prolonged lifespan, improved glucose and lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, circulating BCAAs and their metabolites are connected to obesity, metabolic disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been suggested that alterations in BCAA catabolism rather than intake are connected to metabolic disease. This study aims to establish the effect of increased exposure to BCAAs on skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in C2C12 myoblasts. Methods. C2C12 myoblasts were exposed to increased BCAA concentration (5 mM Leucine, 5 mM Isoleucine, 5 mM Valine) for 24 hours, 4 hours or acutely, compared to a control group. Cellular respiration was then measured with high-resolution respirometry in order to establish the effect of BCAAs on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Cellular respiration was measured via both carbohydrate and fatty acid dependent pathways in separate experiments. In carbohydrate dependent respiration, Routine, Leak, Complex I, Complex I + II (OXPHOS), electron transport system capacity (ETS) and uncoupled Complex II respiratory states were determined. In fatty acid dependent respiration, Routine, Leak, Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and ETS respiratory states were defined. Additionally, protein concentration and citrate synthase activity of the samples were determined. Respiration values were normalized to cell count, protein concentration and citrate synthase activity. Additionally, coupling control ratios were examined by normalizing respiratory values at different states to maximal ETS capacity. \nResults. 24 hour exposure to increased BCAA concentration increased maximal ETS respiratory state of carbohydrate dependent respiration statistically significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.05), 4 hour and acutely increased BCAA exposure did not affect cellular respiration in comparison to the control group. 24 h group had statistically significantly lower OXPHOS (p < 0.01) coupling control ratio compared to the control group. No differences were observed between the experimental groups in fatty acid based respiratory states. Citrate synthase activity and protein concentration did not differ in terms of the experimental groups. Conclusions. Increased exposure to BCAAs increases maximal cellular respiration in carbohydrate, but not fatty acid based oxidation. The effects are time-dependent in that prolonged (24h), but not short (4h) or acute exposure increased ETS respiratory state. BCAAs may improve aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates, no negative metabolic outcomes were observed.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-05-22T08:42:39Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-22T08:42:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "86", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "branched-chain amino acids", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "oxidative phosphorylation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "high-resolution respirometry. metabolic disease", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Branched-chain amino acids and mitochondrial bioenergetics in C2C12 myoblasts", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201905222711", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntafysiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Exercise Physiology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mitokondriot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aineenvaihdunta", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "rasvahapot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aminohapot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "insuliiniresistenssi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hengitys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lihakset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "glukoosi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lipidit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mitochondria", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "metabolism", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "fatty acids", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "amino acids", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "insulin resistance", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "respiration", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "muscles", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "glucose", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lipids", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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