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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Linnamo, Vesa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ohtonen, Olli", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kiljunen, Topi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-04-03T08:53:01Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-04-03T08:53:01Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/63365", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Suksi- ja voideteollisuus ovat viime vuosina kehitt\u00e4neet erilaisia menetelmi\u00e4, joilla on pyritty korvaamaan normaali pitovoitelu. Yleisimm\u00e4t tunnetut pitovoitelun korvaamiseen suunnitellut sukset ovat pitokarva- ja nanosukset. Voideteollisuus taas on kehitt\u00e4nyt pitoteipin helpottamaan kuntohiiht\u00e4j\u00e4n suksien pitovoitelua. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 n\u00e4iden yleisimpien k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 olevien pitovoitelun korvaavien menetelmien vaikutus suksien pito- ja luisto-ominaisuuksiin sek\u00e4 hiiht\u00e4j\u00e4n voimantuottokykyyn erilaisissa olosuhteissa.\n\nKentt\u00e4mittauksien kuivan vanhan lumen sek\u00e4 kostean vanhan lumen olosuhteiden mittaukset suoritettiin Vuokatin latureitist\u00f6ll\u00e4 ja kuivan keinolumen olosuhteen mittaukset Vuokatin hiihtotunnelissa. Laboratoriomittaukset suoritettiin Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston Vuokatin toimipisteen yhteyteen rakennetussa kylm\u00e4kontissa kuivan vanhan lumen ja kostean vanhan lumen olosuhteissa. Kentt\u00e4tutkimuksiin osallistui kaksi aktiivisesti kuntohiiht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 vapaaehtoista koehenkil\u00f6\u00e4 kahdesta eri painoluokasta (75 ja 85 kg). Tutkittavina suksipareina olivat molempien painoluokkien osalta normaalisti voidellut sukset, pitoteippi-, pitokarva- ja nanosukset. Kentt\u00e4mittausten luisto- ja pitotestit suoritettiin v\u00e4liaikamittauksina valokennojen avulla tasaisen nousukulman (latureitist\u00f6ll\u00e4 4,4\u00b0 ja hiihtoputkessa 4\u00b0) maastonkohdassa. Luistomittaukset toteutettiin vauhdittomalla l\u00e4hd\u00f6ll\u00e4 normaalilla laskutekniikalla ja pitomittaukset suoritettiin sauvoitta hiihtona maksimaalisena suorituksena. Pitomittauksen ajaksi suksiin kiinnitettiin my\u00f6s sidevoima-anturit (Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto), joiden avulla pystyttiin mittaamaan potkun syklin vaiheiden muuttujat sek\u00e4 jalkojen voimantuotto. Laboratoriomittaukset toteutettiin lineaaritribometrin (Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto), eli niin kutsutun suksitesterin avulla. Suksitesterin mittausten perusteella jokaiselle suksiparille saatiin muodostettua keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4inen lepo- ja liikekitkan arvo eri mittausolosuhteissa. \n\nTutkimuksen p\u00e4\u00e4tuloksia olivat: (1) Lumen kosteus vaikuttaa suksien toimintaan ja niiden v\u00e4lisiin eroihin. Nanosuksen luistotestin aika lyheni kostean vanhan lumen olosuhteessa jopa 66,6% ja vastaavasti pitoteipatun suksen vaakasuuntainen voimantuotto tippui jopa 54,7% verrattuna kuivan keinolumen olosuhteeseen. Muiden suksien osalta erot eiv\u00e4t olleet yht\u00e4 huomattavia. (2) Paremmin toimivat sukset mahdollistavat suuremman voimantuoton maksimaalisessa suorituksessa. Suurimmat voimantuoton erot mitattiin kostean vanhan lumen olosuhteessa 75 kilon painoluokassa, miss\u00e4 heikoimmin pit\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 pitoteippisuksien pysty- sek\u00e4 vaakasuuntaisen maksimaalisen voimantuoton arvot olivat 836N ja 113N kun taas vastaavasti parhaimmin pit\u00e4neen nanosuksiparin arvot olivat 1088N ja 331N. (3) Suksitesterin tulokset olivat yhtenev\u00e4t kentt\u00e4mittauksissa saatujen tuloksien kanssa.\n\nNormaalisti voideltu suksi on edelleen paras vaihtoehto eri keliolosuhteissa, mutta helppohoitoiset pitokarvasukset ovat my\u00f6s hyv\u00e4 vaihtoehto kuntohiiht\u00e4j\u00e4lle. Toisaalta taas pitoteipin avulla saadaan toteutettua riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n hyv\u00e4 pito karkealle pakkaslumelle ja keinolumen olosuhteisiin. Nanosuksen luiston ero pieneni verrattuna muihin suksiin lumen kosteuden kasvaessa sek\u00e4 kentt\u00e4- ett\u00e4 laboratoriomittauksissa. Moni kuntohiiht\u00e4j\u00e4 toivoo perinteisen hiihdon suksiltaan hyv\u00e4\u00e4 pito ja niiden huoltaminen ei saisi vied\u00e4 liikaa aikaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi suksivalintaa teht\u00e4ess\u00e4 onkin hyv\u00e4 mietti\u00e4 millaiseen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n ja olosuhteeseen sukset tulevat.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The cross-country ski and the ski wax industries have developed various methods that have been made to replace the normal grip waxing. The most common kick wax free classic style skis are skin-skis and nanogrip skis. Whereas the ski wax industry has developed grip tape to ease the grip waxing of the classic style skis. The aim of this study was to examine how these new developed skis and the grip tape influence on the skis\u2019 gliding and grip properties and to the skiers\u2019 leg force production in different snow condition. \n\nThe dry old snow and the wet old snow field tests were carried out on Vuokatti ski tracks and the dry artificial snow field test was carried out on Vuokatti ski-tunnel. The laboratory tests were carrying out in the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Sports Technology Unit in a specific cold laboratory at the dry and the wet old snow conditions. Two active cross-country skiing volunteer subjects participated in the field tests from two different weight class (75 kg and 85 kg). Both subjects had the same four pairs of skis in their own weight class. Used pairs of skis were normally grip waxed skis, grip tape skis, skin skis and nanogrip skis. In the field tests both the grip and the gliding properties were collected on a same terrain point on a constant 47,5 meter up- or downhill (in the ski track 4,4\u00b0 and in the ski tunnel 4\u00b0) zone. In the glide tests skiers slid down the downhill in a normal downhill position and in the grip test skiers skied up the uphill by diagonal style without poles as a maximum performance. The grip and the gliding interval times were measured with the photocell timing system (Spin Test Oy) and in the grip tests the cycle characteristics and the legs force production were collected with the force plate attached to ski bindings (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4). In the laboratory test all the skis were tested with the special linear tribometer (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4). Outcome of the linear tribometer was the averaged static and kinetic frictions for all the pairs of skis in two different conditions. \n\nMain results of the study were as follows: (1) Snow humidity affects to the skis properties and to differences between the skis. For example, on the wet old snow condition the nanogrip skis interval time in a gliding test decreased by 66,6% and the grip tape skis horizontal force producing capability decreased by 54,7% when comparing to the dry artificial snow condition. (2) Skis with better grip properties enabled greater force production in a maximum performance. The biggest differences in the legs force production were measured on the wet old snow condition for a 75 kg weight class where the lowest collected vertical and horizontal maximum force production values were 836 N and 113 N and respectively the highest collected values were 1088 N and 331 N. (3) The collected values from the linear tribometer were convergent to the values collected from the field tests.\n\nNormal waxed skis are still the best choice for different kind of condition, but easy-care skin skis are also a good choice for active cross-country skier also. On the other hand, with a grip tape it is possible to get good grip properties for the rough and the artificial snow condition. Comparing to the other skis the differences in the nanogrip skis gliding properties decreased when the snow humidity increases in both in the field and in the laboratory tests. In classic style cross-country skiing requirement is that skis have enough grip and skis preparation doesn\u2019t take too much time from skiing itself. Therefore, when making ski selection, it is good to think what kind of use and conditions the skis would come to.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-04-03T08:53:01Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-03T08:53:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "96", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maastohiihto", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "lepokitka", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "liikekitka", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "voitelu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Eri toimintaperiaatteen mukaisien perinteisen hiihdon suksien pito- ja luisto-ominaisuuksien vertailu", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201904032053", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": 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