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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Lammi, Elina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-04-02T12:02:47Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-04-02T12:02:47Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/63348", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "S\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6llinen fyysinen aktiivisuus kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 hengitys- ja verenkiertoelimist\u00f6n kuntoa, jota kuvataan usein maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn (VO2max) avulla. Luotettavin m\u00e4\u00e4ritystapa tapahtuu laboratoriossa maksimikuormituksessa hengityskaasujen avulla, mutta t\u00e4m\u00e4 vaatii aina koulutetun testihenkil\u00f6st\u00f6n ja kalliit v\u00e4lineet. Syke, hapenkulutus ja ty\u00f6teho ovat lineaarisesti yhteydess\u00e4 toisiinsa, mik\u00e4 mahdollistaa maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn arvioinnin my\u00f6s helpommilla menetelmill\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on verrata kahden k\u00e4velytestin sykev\u00e4livaihtelun ja liikkumisnopeustiedon perusteella kahdella eri laitteella annettuja VO2max -arvioita kultaiseen standardiin eli maksimitestiss\u00e4 hengityskaasuilla mitattuun VO2max -arvoon.\n\n27 tutkittavaa osallistui kolmen p\u00e4iv\u00e4n sykev\u00e4livaihtelun seurantajaksoon sek\u00e4 maksimaaliseen hapenotto-kyvyn testiin onnistuneesti. Sykev\u00e4livaihtelun seurantajakson aikana suoritettiin kaksi puolen tunnin k\u00e4vely\u00e4 eri olosuhteissa ja eri vauhdeilla. Sykev\u00e4livaihtelua mitattiin Bodyguard 2 -laitteella ja k\u00e4velytesteiss\u00e4 dataa ker\u00e4ttiin my\u00f6s Garmin Forerunner 920XT -sykekellolla. Kahdesta k\u00e4velytestist\u00e4 muodostettiin tutkit-tavakohtaisesti kolme VO2max -arviota, joita verrattiin kultaiseen standardiin. Ulkok\u00e4velyst\u00e4 ennusteet tehtiin sek\u00e4 Bodyguard 2 ett\u00e4 Garmin Forerunner 920XT -laitteilla, mutta mattok\u00e4velyst\u00e4 vain Bodyguard 2 -laitteella. Maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn testi suoritettiin viikon kuluessa juoksumattok\u00e4velyst\u00e4. VO2max -testiss\u00e4 juostiin kolmen minuutin kuormia uupumukseen asti kulman s\u00e4ilyess\u00e4 muuttumattomana. Maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn ennusteet muodostettiin k\u00e4velynopeuden ja onnistuneiden sykev\u00e4lidatapisteiden avulla. Ennusteet olivat laitekohtaisia molempien hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4ess\u00e4 RR-intervalleja, mutta k\u00e4ve-lynopeus oli per\u00e4isin joko kolmesuuntaisesta kiihtyvyysanturista tai GPS-signaalista laitteesta riippuen.\n\nSyke ja liikkumisnopeustiedon perusteella muodostetut VO2max -arviot olivat lineaarisesti yhteydess\u00e4 maksimitestiss\u00e4 mitattuihin arvoihin (r = 0,74\u20130,90; p < 0,001). Olosuhteet tai vauhti eiv\u00e4t vaikuttaneet VO2max -ennusteen tarkkuuteen, mik\u00e4 n\u00e4kyi identtisin\u00e4 absoluuttisina keskivirhein\u00e4 (MAE = 3,5 ml/kg/min) (ulkok\u00e4vely p = 0,179; mattok\u00e4vely p = 0,428). Keskivirhetarkastelun perusteella Garmin Forerunner 920XT -kello antaa tarkemman VO2max -arvion kuin Bodyguard 2 -laite (MAE = 2,8 ml/kg/min vs. 3,5 ml/kg/min, MAPE = 6,1 % vs. 7,8 %, p < 0,01).\n\nSubmaksimaalisesta k\u00e4velyst\u00e4 voidaan sykev\u00e4livaihtelupohjaisen ennusteen avulla arvioida henkil\u00f6n maksimaalinen hapenottokyky kohtalaisen luotettavasti eri olosuhteissa. Laitteiden v\u00e4linen ero voi aikaisemman tutkimustiedon perusteella selitty\u00e4 GPS-menetelm\u00e4n paremmalla tarkkuudella k\u00e4velynopeuden m\u00e4\u00e4rityksess\u00e4. Menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n muita submaksimaalisia kuntotestej\u00e4 vastaavaan tarkkuuteen, mutta yksil\u00f6n kannalta on syyt\u00e4 muistaa, ett\u00e4 keskivirheen suuruinen (3,5 ml/kg/min) parannus hapenottokyvyss\u00e4 voi olla jo hyvinkin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 terveyden n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta. Tutkimus osoittaa, ett\u00e4 henkil\u00f6n maksimaalinen hapenottokyky on mahdollista arvioida ilman tarkkaa ennalta m\u00e4\u00e4ritetty\u00e4 protokollaa. Vertailumenetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 oli pitk\u00e4 VO2max -protokolla, joka saattaa aiemman tutkimustiedon perusteella aliarvioida tutkittavan todellista maksimaalista hapenottokyky\u00e4. Tulevaisuudessa olisi mielenkiintoista tutkia, parantaisiko lyhyempi VO2max -protokolla mittaustarkkuutta. Lis\u00e4ksi olisi mielenkiintoista tutkia k\u00e4ytetyn ennustemallin toistettavuutta ja p\u00e4iv\u00e4kohtaista vaihtelua.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is a predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness. VO2max can be either measured or predicted from other physiological variables. Accurate method for measuring VO2max needs to perform until exhaustion and respiratory gas analysis is needed. Because VO2max measurement needs highly trained staff and expensive equipment, easier evaluation methods have been developed. These methods are based on regression models and linear relationships between heart rate, oxygen uptake and workload. The purpose of this study is to examine the accuracy of the VO2max estimation based on heart rate and speed data in different condition during walking.\n\n27 subjects participated in a three-day heart rate variability (HRV) follow-up period and VO2max test. During the HRV-monitoring period subjects performed two walking tests under different conditions and with different pace directions. The HRV was measured with a Bodyguard 2 -device and a Garmin Forerunner 920XT was also used for data collection. Three VO2max estimations were generated from two walking tests per subject and were compared to the golden standard. The Bodyguard 2 was used for the estimations based on both walks, but the Garmin Forerunner 920XT was used only for outdoors estimation. The VO2max test was performed within one week of the treadmill walk. The VO2max protocol included three-minute loads until exhaustion and the inclination stayed constant. The VO2max predictions were generated from walking speed and successful RR-intervals. Evaluations were device-specific: Bodyguard 2 used 3-axis accelerometer and Garmin Forerunner 920XT used GPS-signal for speed monitoring. \n\nEstimated and measured VO2max values had high correlations (r = 0,74\u20130,90; p <0,001). Identical error values (MAE = 3,5 ml/kg/min) showed that conditions or speed did not affect the accuracy of VO2max predictions (outdoor walk p = 0,179; indoor walk p = 0,428). The Garmin Forerunner 920XT showed a bit more accurate VO2max estimations than the Bodyguard 2 (MAE = 2,8 ml/kg/min vs. 3,5 ml/kg/min, MAPE = 6,1 % vs. 7,8 %, p < 0,01).\n\nA submaximal walk can be used to estimate one\u2019s maximal oxygen uptake in a relatively reliable manner and in different conditions. The significant difference between the two devices can be explained by better accuracy of GPS-signal compared to 3-axis accelerometer when measuring walking speed. This method achieves the accuracy of other submaximal fitness tests, but 3,5 ml/kg/min improvement in oxygen uptake may be very significant from a health perspective. The study showed that one\u2019s maximal oxygen uptake can be predicted without an accurate predefined protocol. The reference method was the long VO2max protocol, which may underestimate the actual maximal oxygen uptake. In the future it would be interesting to examine if a shorter VO2max protocol could improve the accuracy of the prediction model. Also, reliability and day to day variation would be important things for future research.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2019-04-02T12:02:47Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-02T12:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "79", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kuntoarvio", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sykev\u00e4livaihtelu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Syke- ja liikkumisnopeustiedon perusteella m\u00e4\u00e4ritetyn kuntoarvion luotettavuus eri olosuhteissa", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201904022039", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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