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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Baumeister, Stefan", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "El Geneidy, Sami", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-03-25T11:42:06Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-03-25T11:42:06Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2019", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/63267", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Turismi on kasvava ala. Vuonna 2017 kansainv\u00e4lisesti matkaavien turistien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 kasvoi 7%:lla. Turismi on my\u00f6s vastuussa ilmastonmuutoksen kiihtymisest\u00e4, sill\u00e4 se on globaalisti vastuussa noin 5%:sta hiilidioksidip\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6ist\u00e4, ja saattaa olla vastuussa jopa 12,5%:sta kaikista p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6ist\u00e4. Siksi onkin t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4 mist\u00e4 turismin p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6t syntyv\u00e4t, esimerkiksi hiilijalanj\u00e4lkianalyysin avulla.\nPerinteisen turismin rinnalle on noussut uusi turismin muoto, niin sanottu vapaaehtoisturismi. Vapaaehtoisturisti on henkil\u00f6, joka turismin ohella pyrkii auttamaan muita, erilaisten j\u00e4rjest\u00f6jen ja projektien kautta, eli tekee vapaaehtoisty\u00f6t\u00e4 turismin ohessa. Vaikka perinteisen turismin hiilijalanj\u00e4lke\u00e4 onkin tutkittu, kansainv\u00e4lisen vapaaehtoisturismin hiilijalanj\u00e4ljen tutkimus on j\u00e4\u00e4nyt v\u00e4h\u00e4lle huomiolle. Vapaaehtoisturismi esitet\u00e4\u00e4nkin usein positiivisessa valossa, ja useissa tutkimuksissa korostetaan vapaaehtoisturismin hy\u00f6tyj\u00e4, joita kertyy erityisesti osallistujille itselleen.\nT\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus analysoi vapaaehtoisturismia ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta arvioimalla er\u00e4\u00e4n intialaisen kansalaisj\u00e4rjest\u00f6n, joka hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 kansainv\u00e4lisi\u00e4 vapaaehtoisty\u00f6ntekij\u00f6it\u00e4 projekteissaan, hiilijalanj\u00e4lke\u00e4. J\u00e4rjest\u00f6n kokonaishiilijalanj\u00e4lki, jaettuna tasaisesti koko j\u00e4rjest\u00f6n henkil\u00f6st\u00f6n, vapaaehtoisten, harjoittelijoiden ja paikallisten perheiden kesken, oli 320714 CO2 eq. kg ja 2182 CO2 eq. kg per henkil\u00f6. Kuten aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa, lentomatkustus oli yksi suurimmist\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6l\u00e4hteist\u00e4 37%:n osuudella hiilijalanj\u00e4ljest\u00e4. Yll\u00e4tt\u00e4en tuotteiden kuljetus (tuotannosta myyntiin) oli kuitenkin suurin p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6l\u00e4hde 55%:n osuudella. Muita p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6l\u00e4hteit\u00e4 olivat ruokatuotteet (3%), muut tuotteet (esim. elektroniikka ja tupakka) (2%), ajoneuvojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 (2%) ja energia (1%).\nTutkimuksen tulokset painottavat ep\u00e4suorien p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6l\u00e4hteiden t\u00e4rkeytt\u00e4 hiilijalanj\u00e4ljen laskennassa. Tuotteiden elinkaarien vaikutus kokonaishiilijalanj\u00e4lkeen vaatii lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta. Lis\u00e4\u00e4 keskustelua tarvitaan my\u00f6s kansainv\u00e4lisen vapaaehtoisturismin ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6llisest\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyydest\u00e4, sill\u00e4 sen hiilijalanj\u00e4lki voi olla merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 ilmastonmuutoksen kannalta. Aloittaessaan matkansa muiden auttamiseksi ja itsens\u00e4 kehitt\u00e4miseksi, vapaaehtoisten olisi hyv\u00e4 ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 heid\u00e4n matkallaan voi olla haitallisia vaikutuksia niin ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n kuin niiden paikallisten yhteis\u00f6jenkin kannalta, joita he l\u00e4htiv\u00e4t auttamaan.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tourism is a growing industry and total international tourist arrivals grew by 7% during 2017. Tourism is a major contributor of climate change being globally responsible of about 5% of all CO2 emissions and could be responsible of even 12.5%, which is why it is important to understand what the main sources of emissions are, for example by investigating the carbon footprint of tourism.\nAlongside conventional tourism, a concept of volunteer tourism, so called voluntourism, is emerging. A volunteer tourist is a person who uses \u201cdiscretionary time and income to travel out of the sphere of regular activity to assist others in need\u201d (McGehee & Santos, 2005, p. 760). Despite research being done in order to understand the carbon foot-print of tourism, much less emphasis has been given to the environmental impact of voluntourism, which is usually presented in a positive light, mainstream research highlighting the benefits that volunteers get from their experience.\nThis thesis discusses the trade-off of voluntourism, especially from the aspect of environmental sustainability, by quantifying a carbon footprint for an Indian NGO that uses international volunteers in its work. The overall carbon footprint of the organization, divided equally between volunteers, interns, staff and family members, in 2018 was 320714 CO2 eq. kg and 2182 CO2 eq. kg per person. Similar to previous tourism carbon footprint research, aviation was one of the major contributors to the carbon footprint, with a share of 37%. However, more surprisingly, a closer analysis on the transportation of products revealed its importance, as it took a share of 55% of the total carbon footprint. Other contributors were food products (3%), other products (e.g. electronics and tobacco) (2%), use of car (2%) and energy (1%).\nThe findings of this study suggest the great importance of indirect emissions in calculating a carbon footprint. More research needs to be done to understand the importance of product life cycles to the overall carbon footprint. Furthermore, the carbon footprint of voluntourism can be significant, which is why discussion about the environmental trade-offs of international volunteering should be discussed more closely. While volunteers set on their journey to help those in need and to develop themselves, volunteers should understand that this journey might also contribute to threatening the environment and communities that they set out to help.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-03-25T11:42:05Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T11:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2019", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "65", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "voluntourism", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "India", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Does the end justify the means? : carbon footprint of volunteer tourism in an Indian NGO", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201903251950", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Yritysten ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6johtaminen", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Corporate Environmental Management", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "20425", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "matkailu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hiilijalanj\u00e4lki", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ilmastonmuutokset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "vapaaehtoiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tourism", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "carbon footprint", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "climate changes", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "volunteers", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", 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