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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Komonen, Atte", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Valkonen, Sauli", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Paananen, Esko", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2019-01-17T07:10:44Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2019-01-17T07:10:44Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2018", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/62519", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Nykyisin Suomessa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4, avohakkuuseen ja tasaik\u00e4iskasvatukseen perustuva mets\u00e4nk\u00e4sittelytapa on hyvin yksipuolinen ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 siksi metsien monimuotoisuutta. Yksi keino monipuolistaa mets\u00e4rakennetta olisi siirty\u00e4 osalla mets\u00e4pinta-alasta eri-ik\u00e4israkenteiseen kasvatukseen. T\u00e4m\u00e4 jatkuvaksi kasvatukseksi kutsuttu tapa onkin her\u00e4tt\u00e4nyt viimeaikoina kiivasta keskustelua puolesta ja vastaan. Eri-ik\u00e4israkenteisessa kasvatuksessa mets\u00e4 pysyy koko ajan peitteisen\u00e4, koska siit\u00e4 korjataan kerralla poimintahakkuulla vain osa puista tai tehd\u00e4\u00e4n 0,1\u20130,5 ha pienaukkoja. Ainakin joillakin mets\u00e4aloilla eri-ik\u00e4israkenteinen kasvatus on tutkimusten mukaan taloudellisesti kilpailukykyinen tapa nykyiseen tasaik\u00e4israkenteiseen kasvatukseen verrattuna. My\u00f6s monet mets\u00e4tuhot ovat eri-ik\u00e4iskasvatuksessa tasaik\u00e4iskasvatusta pienemm\u00e4t. Hirvituhojen vaikutusta eri-ik\u00e4israkenteisen mets\u00e4n taimiin ei ole kuitenkaan aiemmin tutkittu, vaikka hirvi on Suomessa merkitt\u00e4vin taimikoita tuhoava el\u00e4in. Tasaik\u00e4isiss\u00e4 taimikoissa tehtyjen tutkimusten mukaan hirvi aiheuttaa merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 taloudellisia menetyksi\u00e4, muuttaa puulajisuhteita ja v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 mets\u00e4n monimuotoisuutta. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, miten hirvituhot vaikuttavat puuston uusiutumiseen eri-ik\u00e4israkenteisissa metsiss\u00e4. T\u00e4t\u00e4 varten ker\u00e4ttiin kes\u00e4ll\u00e4 2018 aineistoa pienaukoilta ja poimintahakkuualoilta etel\u00e4isest\u00e4 Suomesta Kuhmoisista, Padasjoelta ja H\u00e4meenlinnasta. Jokaiselle n\u00e4ytealalle sijoitettiin yhdeks\u00e4n laskenta-alaa, joista laskettiin kaikki taimet ja kirjattiin samalla sy\u00f6tyjen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4. N\u00e4ist\u00e4 laskettiin sy\u00f6tyjen taimien osuus jokaiselle n\u00e4ytealalle puulajeittain. Yhteenlaskettuun sy\u00f6tyjen taimien osuuteen mets\u00e4nk\u00e4sittelytapa tai puuston pohjapinta-ala eiv\u00e4t vaikuttaneet. T\u00e4m\u00e4 voi johtua puulajikoostumuksen vaihtelusta koealojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4, mik\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4 satunnaisvaihtelua. Sy\u00f6tyjen koivun- ja pihlajantaimien osuus oli kuitenkin pienempi poimintahakkuualoilla kuin pienaukoissa ja puuston pohjapinta-alan kasvu v\u00e4hensi molemmilla lajeilla hirvituhoja. Samalla havaittiin, ett\u00e4 hirvi suosii ravintonaan pihlajaa ja haapaa. Puun korjaaminen poimintahakkuulla ja riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n puum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n j\u00e4tt\u00e4minen mets\u00e4kuviolle v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 hirvien mets\u00e4nomistajille aiheuttamia taloudellisia vahinkoja. Samalla my\u00f6s hirven valikoivasta laidunnuksesta aiheutuva mets\u00e4n monimuotoisuuden v\u00e4heneminen pienenee. T\u00e4ytyy kuitenkin muistaa, ett\u00e4 valoa vaativien lehtipuiden uudistuminen ei onnistu, mik\u00e4li puusto on mets\u00e4kuviolla liian tihe\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The forest management method currently used in Finland, which is based on even age stands and clearcutting, is very monotonic and decreases biodiversity. One way to make forest management more variable would be to use uneven-aged forest management on some proportion of stands. Recently this method, also known as continuous cover forest management, has been topic of debate behalf and against it. In uneven-aged forest management all trees are never logged at one time. Only some proportion of trees are logged in one time by partial harvesting or small scale clearing are used to create 0.1\u20130.5 ha openings. Many studies have shown that uneven-aged forest management is competitive alternative for even-aged forest management at least in some cases. In addition, in uneven-aged forests many damages are lesser than in even-aged forests. It is not studied earlier how much of destruction moose causes on uneven-aged forests although it is the main animal that destructs seedlings in Finland. Studies done on even-aged seedling stands have shown that moose causes significant economic losses for forest owners and also changes proportions of tree species and thus affects to whole ecosystem. The aim of this study was to find out how destruction of tree seedlings by moose affects to regeneration of trees in uneven-aged forest. To answer that data was collected from areas of small clearing and partial harvesting in southern Finland in Kuhmoinen, Padasjoki and H\u00e4meenlinna. Nine plots were established on each of study areas and every seedlings inside of those calculated and checked if they were eaten. The proportion of eaten seedlings were calculated for each study areas and by each tree species. The type of forest management or the basal area did not affect to the proportion of eaten seedlings that was combined all trees except spruce. That may be because there is variation of tree species composition between study areas which increases random variation. The proportion of eaten birch and rowan seedlings were smaller in areas of partial harvesting than on small clearings. Also the bigger the basal area of trees was the smaller was the proportion of eaten birch and rowan seedlings in stand. It was also found that moose prefers rowan and aspen as food. By using partial harvesting with enough trees left to grow it is possible to reduce economical losses moose causes for land owners. That treatment also reduces moose\u2019s negative effect to biodiversity. It should be noticed that regeneration of light dependent deciduous trees will not succeed if timber of stand is too dense.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2019-01-17T07:10:43Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-17T07:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2018", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "33", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "poimintahakkuu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Hirven (Alces alces) vaikutus puuston uusiutumiseen eri-ik\u00e4israkenteisessa mets\u00e4ss\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201901171221", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4nuudistus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "pienaukkohakkuut", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hirvi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hirvituhot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "jatkuva kasvatus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4tuhot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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