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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Louhelainen, Jarmo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Pakkanen, Hannu", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Cooper, Paul", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Sinisaari, Tuomas", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2018-12-19T06:37:53Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2018-12-19T06:37:53Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2018", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/60670", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Pro gradu \u2013tutkielmassa oli tarkoituksena kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 analyyttisen kemian menetelm\u00e4, jolla voidaan\nsek\u00e4 tunnistaa ett\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4 orgaanisten yhdisteiden pitoisuuksia v\u00e4kevist\u00e4 nikkelisulfaatin\nvesiliuoksista.\n\nTutkielman kirjallisessa osassa k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4pi ty\u00f6n teoreettista taustaa. Tarkasteltavia osa-alueita\novat analyyttisen menetelm\u00e4n kehitt\u00e4minen, n\u00e4ytteen esik\u00e4sittelymenetelm\u00e4t sek\u00e4 mittalaitteiden\nrakenne ja toiminta. Lis\u00e4ksi tarkastellaan orgaanisten yhdisteiden m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4mist\u00e4 alumiinioksidin\nBayer-tuotantoprosessin liuoksista. T\u00e4t\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n vertailukohtana orgaanisten yhdisteiden\nm\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4miseen nikkelisulfaatin tuotantoprosessin liuoksista. Kokeellisessa osassa k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4pi\nk\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6n ty\u00f6skentelyvaiheet orgaanisten yhdisteiden m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4misess\u00e4. Yhdisteiden\ntunnistamisessa k\u00e4ytettiin massaselektiivisell\u00e4 detektorilla varustettua kaasukromatografia ja\npitoisuuksien m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4misess\u00e4 puolestaan liekki-ionisaatiodetektorilla varustettua\nkaasukromatografia.\n\nNikkelisulfaattiliuoksista saatiin tunnistettua 37 erilaista orgaanista yhdistett\u00e4 v\u00e4hint\u00e4\u00e4n 90 %:n\nyht\u00e4l\u00e4isyydell\u00e4 vertailussa tietokannan (Wiley 8) massaspektreihin. Tunnistetut yhdisteet olivat\np\u00e4\u00e4asiassa pitk\u00e4n hiilivetyketjun omaavia alkaaneja sek\u00e4 yhden- ja kahdenarvoisia\nkarboksyylihappoja. My\u00f6s erilaisia ftalaatteja tunnistettiin runsaasti.\n\nOrgaanisten yhdisteiden pitoisuuksien m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4misess\u00e4 nikkelisulfaattiliuoksesta A saatiin 12\nyhdistett\u00e4 ja nikkelisulfaattiliuoksesta B saatiin 16 yhdistett\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritetty\u00e4 toistettavasti kuudessa\nrinnakkaism\u00e4\u00e4rityksess\u00e4. Rinnakkaism\u00e4\u00e4rityksiss\u00e4 yhdisteiden retentioaikojen suhteelliset\nkeskihajonnat vaihtelivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4 0,04 - 0,29 % (Liuos A) ja 0,03 \u2013 0,57 % (Liuos B). Yhdisteiden\naikaansaamien kromatogrammipiikkien pinta-alojen suhteelliset keskihajonnat vaihtelivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4\n9,0 \u2013 46,0 % (Liuos A) ja 14,5 \u2013 98,8 % (Liuos B).\n\nNikkelisulfaattiliuoksista m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin uutettujen orgaanisten yhdisteiden kokonaismassat. T\u00e4m\u00e4n\nperusteella uutettujen orgaanisten yhdisteiden kokonaispitoisuuksiksi saatiin 1,0 mg/l (Liuos A) ja\n0,5 mg/l (Liuos B). Nikkelisulfaattiliuoksista m\u00e4\u00e4ritettyihin orgaanisen kokonaishiilen m\u00e4\u00e4riin\nverratessa orgaanisia yhdisteit\u00e4 saatiin uutettua liuoksista seuraavat prosenttiosuudet: 7,4 % (Liuos\nA) ja 5,3 % (Liuos B).", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The purpose of this Master\u2019s thesis was to develop a method of analytical chemistry in order to identify and quantify the organic compounds found in strong aqueous solutions of nickel sulphate.\n\nIn the theoretical part of the thesis theoretical background of the work is discussed. Discussed subject areas are the development of analytical chemistry method, pre-treatment methods of the samples and the structure and function of the measurement instrumentation. In addition the determination of organic compounds from Bayer process solutions, which are used in production of aluminum oxide, is discussed. Determination of organic compounds from Bayer solutions is used as a comparison for the determination of organic compounds from process solutions of nickel sulphate.\n\nIn the experimental part of the thesis the practical methods for the determination of organic compounds from nickel sulphate solutions are presented. Identification of organic compounds was performed with gas chromatograph equipped with mass selective detector, and quantification of organic compounds was performed with gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector.\n\n37 organic compounds were identified from nickel sulphate solutions with at least 90 % similarity in comparation of mass spectra of the database (Wiley 8). Identified compounds were primarily alkanes and mono- and dicarboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. Several types of phthalates were also identified.\n\nConcentrations of organic compounds were determined with sufficient repeatability from six aliquots from 12 compounds in nickel sulphate solution A and 16 compounds from nickel sulphate solution B. In aliquots the relative standard deviations of retention times were 0,04-0,29 % (Solution A) and 0,03-0,57 % (Solution B). Relative standard deviations of the areas of chromatographic peaks were 9,0-46,0 % (Solution A) and 14,5-98,8 % (Solution B).\n\nTotal masses of the extracted organic compounds in nickel sulphate solutions were also determined. Determined concentrations of extracted organic compounds were 1,0 mg/L (Solution A) and 0,5 mg/L (Solution B). When comparing the concentrations of extracted organic compounds with the amounts of total organic carbon determined from solutions, the percentages of extracted organic compounds were 7,4 % (Solution A) and 5,3 % (Solution B).", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2018-12-19T06:37:53Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-19T06:37:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2018", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "132", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "menetelm\u00e4nkehitys", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Orgaanisten yhdisteiden m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4minen v\u00e4kevist\u00e4 nikkelisulfaatin vesiliuoksista", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201812195210", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Soveltava kemia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Applied Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "11900 e", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4036", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "orgaaniset yhdisteet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kaasukromatografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "analyyttinen kemia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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