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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Al\u00e9n, Raimo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ahola, Niina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Siistonen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Nuuttila, Minna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2018-11-05T13:09:29Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2018-11-05T13:09:29Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2018", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/60101", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkielman kirjallisuusosiossa tutustutaan polymeerikemian perusteisiin sek\u00e4 erityisesti laktidipohjaisiin polymeereihin, niiden valmistamiseen, k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kohteisiin ja analyysimenetelmiin. Kyseisi\u00e4 polymeereja hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n esimerkiksi erilaisissa\nl\u00e4\u00e4ketieteellisiss\u00e4 sovelluksissa, mik\u00e4 asettaa polymeereille monia vaatimuksia esimerkiksi niiden hajoamisen suhteen. Polymeeriketjujen pilkkoutumista voidaan seurata esimerkiksi geelipermeaatiokromatografilaitteistolla (GPC), jonka toimintaperiaate esitet\u00e4\u00e4n. GPC:ll\u00e4 on mahdollista k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 erilaisia tulosten analyysimenetelmi\u00e4, joita my\u00f6s tarkastellaan (konventionaalinen kalibrointi, universaali kalibrointi ja triple detection \u2013menetelm\u00e4). Lis\u00e4ksi kirjallisuusosiossa tutustutaan viskometrian perusteisiin.\n\nTutkielman kokeellisessa osassa (erikoisty\u00f6) tutkittiin GPC-laitteistolla laktidipohjaisia polymeerin\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 (PLLA, PLGA ja PLCL), jotka erosivat sis\u00e4isten viskositeettiensa ja n\u00e4in my\u00f6s moolimassojensa suhteen. Tarkoituksena oli tutkia, vaikuttiko analyysimenetelm\u00e4 saatuihin tuloksiin. GPC:ll\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin n\u00e4ytteiden keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4iset molekyylimassat (Mn, Mp ja Mw) sek\u00e4 polydispersiteetti (PD) ja tulokset analysoitiin kolmella eri menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4\n(konventionaalinen kalibrointi, universaali kalibrointi I ja triple detection \u2013menetelm\u00e4). Universaalissa kalibroinnissa k\u00e4ytettiin kirjallisuuden Mark-Houwinkin vakioita. Samalla selvitettiin triple detection -menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 materiaalille ominaisia Mark-Houwinkin vakioita ja dn/dc-arvoja. Saadut tulokset olivat yleisesti verrattavissa kirjallisuusarvoihin ja niit\u00e4 hy\u00f6dynnettiin my\u00f6s materiaalien keskin\u00e4isess\u00e4 vertailussa. Lis\u00e4ksi n\u00e4ytteiden sis\u00e4iset viskositeetit mitattiin mikroviskometrilla ja saadut tulokset olivat valmistajien ilmoittamien arvojen rajoissa. Samalla muodostettiin korrelaatio moolimassan ja sis\u00e4isen viskositeetin\nv\u00e4lille.\n\nVertailtaessa eri menetelmill\u00e4 analysoituja keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isi\u00e4 moolimassoja ja polydispersiteettej\u00e4 havaittiin, ett\u00e4 tuloksissa oli huomattavia eroja. T\u00e4st\u00e4 syyst\u00e4 eri menetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 analysoidut GPC-tulokset eiv\u00e4t v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 olleet vertailukelpoisia. Lis\u00e4ksi havaittiin, ett\u00e4 universaalissa kalibroinnissa k\u00e4ytetyill\u00e4 Mark-Houwinkin vakioilla oli suuri vaikutus saatuihin tuloksiin. Tuloksista huomattiin my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 osa mitatuista parametreist\u00e4 (muun muassa \u03b1-parametri) muuttui n\u00e4ytteiden sis\u00e4isen viskositeetin muuttuessa, joten tapa ilmoittaa vain yksi parametrin arvo riippumatta n\u00e4ytteen sis\u00e4isest\u00e4 viskositeetista on kyseenalainen. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\nhuomio etenkin silloin, kun halutaan seurata polymeerin hajoamista.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "In the literary part of this Master\u2019s thesis, the basics of polymer chemistry are discussed. Especially, the lactide-based polymers and their manufacturing routes are emphasized together with the applications and analyzing methods. These polymers are commonly used in the\nmedical field and, for example, the degradation properties of the polymer are important to know to have an approval to use the material in medical devices. The follow-up of the degradation of those polymers can be performed by using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) device. The\nprinciples of the GPC are covered and also different ways to analyze the GPC data (the conventional calibration, triple detection, and universal calibration I method) are discussed. Additionally, the basics of viscometry are outlined. \n\nIn the experimental part of this thesis, lactide-based polymer samples (PLLA, PLGA, and PLCL) with different inherent viscosities and thus with different molar masses were studied with the help of GPC. The target was to find out how the analyzing method affects the results. The measured average molar masses (Mn, Mp, and Mw) and polydispersity (PD) of the samples were determined with the universal calibration I, conventional calibration, and triple detection methods. In the universal calibration I method, the Mark-Houwink (M-H) parameters from the literature were utilized. Also, the material-specific M-H parameters together with the dn/dc values were calculated using the triple detection method. These parameters were generally comparable to the literature values and, with them, the comparison between the materials was performed. In addition, the inherent viscosities of the samples were measured with\nmicroviscometer and the results were in the ranges informed by the manufacturers. The correlation between molar mass and inherent viscosity was formed. \n\nWhen comparing the molar mass average and PD results, it could be seen that there was a notable difference in the results analyzed with different methods. For this reason, the results obtained from different methods were not necessarily comparable. There was also a notable difference observed when the results were analyzed twice with the universal calibration I method but with different M-H parameters. Therefore, the M-H parameters greatly affected the results. Also, a correlation between the inherent viscosity and some measured values (such the\nM-H \u03b1 parameters) was observed. Thus, convention to inform only one value for the material ignoring the inherent viscosity is questionable. This is noteworthy, especially when the degradation of the polymers is on focus.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2018-11-05T13:09:29Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T13:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2018", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "144", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "gel permeation chromatography", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "lactide-based polymers", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "molar mass averages", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "polydispersity", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Gel permeation chromatography methods in the analysis of lactide-based polymers", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201811054624", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Soveltava kemia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Applied Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "14400 (palkka)", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", 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