Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Tämän Pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa ryhmämuotoisen hyväksymis- ja omistautumisterapian (HOT) vaikuttavuutta hoitotasapainoon, psykologiseen joustavuuteen ja psykologiseen hyvinvointiin tyypin 1 diabetesta sairastavilla nuorilla, joiden hoitotasapaino on heikko. Tutkimuksen tarko...

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Main Authors: Lehikoinen, Anni, Honkanen, Ida
Other Authors: Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Psykologian laitos, Department of Psychology, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/59405
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author Lehikoinen, Anni Honkanen, Ida
author2 Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta Faculty of Education and Psychology Psykologian laitos Department of Psychology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Lehikoinen, Anni Honkanen, Ida Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta Faculty of Education and Psychology Psykologian laitos Department of Psychology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Lehikoinen, Anni Honkanen, Ida Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta Faculty of Education and Psychology Psykologian laitos Department of Psychology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Lehikoinen, Anni
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description Tämän Pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa ryhmämuotoisen hyväksymis- ja omistautumisterapian (HOT) vaikuttavuutta hoitotasapainoon, psykologiseen joustavuuteen ja psykologiseen hyvinvointiin tyypin 1 diabetesta sairastavilla nuorilla, joiden hoitotasapaino on heikko. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli myös selvittää hoitotasapainon, psykologisen joustavuuden ja psykologisen hyvinvoinnin välisiä yhteyksiä 1 tyypin diabetesta sairastavilla nuorilla. Lisäksi tutkielmassa tarkasteltiin kahden intervention osallistujan yksilöllisiä polkuja, joista toinen hyötyi interventiosta hoitotasapainon osalta ja toinen ei. Tutkimus toteutettiin alku- ja loppumittausten avulla. Tutkimuksen kohderyhmänä olivat Keski-Suomen keskussairaalan lastentautien poliklinikalla hoitosuhteessa olleet 12–16-vuotiaat nuoret, joiden tyypin 1 diabeteksen hoitotasapaino oli yli hoitosuosituksen. Osallistujat jaettiin satunnaisesti koe- ja kontrolliryhmään. Koeryhmän (n=12) tavanomaiseen hoitoon lisättiin 5 1,5 h mittaista ryhmätapaamista, jotka koostuivat keskustelusta ja HOT-harjoitteista. Kontrolliryhmä (n=13) sai tavanomaista hoitoa. Kaikki 25 osallistujaa täyttivät Lasten ja nuorten tietoisuustaito -kyselyn (CAMM), lasten ja nuorten Diabeteksen hyväksymis- ja toimintakykymittarin (DAAS) sekä mielialakyselyn (RBDI) ennen ja jälkeen intervention. Hoitotasapainon mittarina käytettiin pitkäaikaisverensokeritasapainon arvoa (HbA1c), joka mitattiin osana tavanomaista hoitoa. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että HOT-ryhmäinterventio vaikutti merkitsevästi nuorten diabeteksen hyväksyntään ja kykyyn toimia sairauden kanssa. Tutkimus myös osoitti, että psykologisen joustavuuden taidot olivat yhteydessä parempaan hoitotasapainoon sekä parempaan psykologiseen hyvinvointiin. Ahdistusoireiden puolestaan havaittiin olevan yhteydessä huonompaan hoitotasapainoon. Lisäksi diabetekseen liittyvä psykologinen joustavuus ja kyky toimia sairauden kanssa oli yhteydessä vähäisempään masentuneisuuteen. Yksilöllisten polkujen tarkastelu interventioryhmässä puolestaan osoitti, että osallistuja, jonka hoitotasapaino oli parantunut, kehittyi eniten myös psykologisen joustavuuden taidoissa. Tulosten perusteella psykologisen joustavuuden taidot ovat keskeisiä hoitotasapainon ja psykologisen hyvinvoinnin kannalta. Ahdistusoireisiin ja niiden hoitoon suositellaan kiinnitettävän erityistä huomiota diabetesta sairastavilla nuorilla. HOT-ryhmäinterventiota voidaan suosittaa käytettäväksi nuorilla diabeetikoilla sairauden hyväksynnän ja siihen liittyvän toimintakyvyn lisäämisessä sekä mahdollisesti myös masentuneisuuden vähentämisessä. This Master's Thesis investigated the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) based group-intervention on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes whose glycemic control was above the recommendations. It also examined the connections between glycemic control, psychological flexibility, and psychological well-being. Finally, we explored the individual paths of two participants from which the other seemed to benefit from the intervention and the other seemed not to benefit from the intervention. The study was conducted by a pretest-posttest design with a control group. 12-16- year-old adolescents with type 1 diabetes whose blood glucose was above recommendations and who were treated at the pediatric outpatient clinic of Central Finland Health District were invited to participate in the study. Enrolled individuals were randomly assigned to the intervention and the control group. The ACT group (n=12) took part in 5 1,5 hour lasting sessions that were composed of discussion and exercises, while the control group (n=13) received the treatment as usual. Participants (n=25) completed Children and Adolescents Mindfulness Measure (CAMM), Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for Children and Adolescents (DAAS) and Revised Beck Depression Inventory (RBDI) questionnaire before and after the intervention. Blood glucose (HbA1c) levels were gathered from the medical records. This study found that ACT based short intervention significantly increased diabetes-related psychological flexibility and ability to manage one’s diabetes. We also found that psychological flexibility skills were correlated with better glycemic control and well-being, while anxiety symptoms were correlated with inferior glycemic control. Further, diabetes-related psychological flexibility was connected to fewer depression symptoms. On the question of individual paths, this study found that the most remarkable difference between the participants was, that the psychological flexibility of benefited participant improved significantly more than the non-benefited participant. Although the current study is based on a small sample of participants, the findings persuasively suggest, that psychological flexibility skills are pivotal for glycemic control and psychological well-being. Anxiety symptoms and their treatment are recommended to be given special attention in the treatment of type 1 adolescents. Taken together, these findings support the idea of using acceptance and commitment therapy-based interventions as a part of type 1 diabetic adolescents’ treatment. This type of treatment could be beneficial to increase the acceptance of the disease, improve functional ability and potentially decrease depressive symptoms in this population.
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spellingShingle Lehikoinen, Anni Honkanen, Ida Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes group intervention glycemic control HbA1c psychological flexibility psychological well-being Psykologia Psychology 202 henkinen hyvinvointi hoitotasapaino nuoret nuoruustyypin diabetes hyväksymis- ja omistautumisterapia diabetes mental well-being therapeutic equilibrium young people juvenile diabetes acceptance and commitment therapy
title Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
title_full Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
title_fullStr Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
title_short Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
title_sort acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control psychological flexibility and psychological well being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
title_txtP Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention effectiveness on glycemic control, psychological flexibility and psychological well-being of adolescents with type 1 diabetes
topic group intervention glycemic control HbA1c psychological flexibility psychological well-being Psykologia Psychology 202 henkinen hyvinvointi hoitotasapaino nuoret nuoruustyypin diabetes hyväksymis- ja omistautumisterapia diabetes mental well-being therapeutic equilibrium young people juvenile diabetes acceptance and commitment therapy
topic_facet 202 HbA1c Psychology Psykologia acceptance and commitment therapy diabetes glycemic control group intervention henkinen hyvinvointi hoitotasapaino hyväksymis- ja omistautumisterapia juvenile diabetes mental well-being nuoret nuoruustyypin diabetes psychological flexibility psychological well-being therapeutic equilibrium young people
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