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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Palonen, Teija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Ankkuri, Tero", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2018-06-29T07:57:09Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2018-06-29T07:57:09Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2018", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/58790", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Lohkoketjuteknologia tuli tietoisuuteen vuonna 2008, kun sit\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin maailman ensimm\u00e4isen kryptovaluutan, Bitcoinin taustalla. Lohkoketjun merkitys huomattiin heti, mik\u00e4 n\u00e4kyikin huomattavana m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n\u00e4 muiden kryptovaluuttojen syntymisen\u00e4. Lohkoketjuteknologiaa voidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 kryptovaluuttojen lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s muihin tarkoituksiin, ja esimerkiksi maailman isoimmat pankit tutkivat lohkoketjuteknologian mahdollisuuksia, mukaan lukien Yhdysvaltain keskuspankki sek\u00e4 Euroopan keskuspankki. T\u00e4m\u00e4n kirjallisuuskatsauksena toteutettavan tutkielman tarkoituksena on antaa pintapuolinen k\u00e4sitys lohkoketjun toimintaperiaatteista, hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4miskohteista sek\u00e4 haasteista. Tutkielmassa perehdyt\u00e4\u00e4n my\u00f6skin lohkoketjuteknologian keski\u00f6ss\u00e4 oleviin konsensusmekanismeihin, kuten Bitcoinissa k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n proof-of-work -mekanismiin. Lohkoketjuteknologian perimm\u00e4inen idea on, ett\u00e4 verkon osapuolista jokainen pit\u00e4\u00e4 hallussaan t\u00e4sm\u00e4lleen samaa tietoa. Mik\u00e4li tietoja halutaan muuttaa, verkon osapuolien t\u00e4ytyy p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 asiasta yhteisymm\u00e4rrykseen eli konsensukseen. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi olemassa olevia tietoja on todella vaikea muuttaa, mik\u00e4 on yksi lohkoketjuteknologian suurimmista hy\u00f6dyist\u00e4. Konsensukseen voidaan p\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 eri tavoilla riippuen valitusta konsensusmekanismista. Suurimmat kryptovaluutat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t proof-of-work -mekanismia, eli todistetta tehdyst\u00e4 ty\u00f6st\u00e4, mutta esimerkiksi Ethereum on siirtym\u00e4ss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n proof-of-stake -mekanismia, eli todistetta panoksesta. K\u00e4ytetty konsensusmekanismi on avainasemassa lohkoketjun toiminnassa, ja esimerkiksi Bitcoinin tapauksessa sen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4 konsensusmekanismi on syy sen globaalisti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n virrankulutukseen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Blockchain technology came into public knowledge in 2008, when it started to serve as the principle technology behind Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency. The relevance of blockchain was noticed immediately, which was indicated by a notable number of new cryptocurrencies being born. Despite blockchain being utilized mainly by cryptocurrencies at first, it can be used for other purposes also. For example, the biggest banks in the world are currently investigating the possibilities of blockchain, including Federal Reserve System and European Central Bank. The purpose of this paper, composed as a literature review, is to look into the the superficial principles behind blockchain, its applications and challenges. Solutions in the core of blockchain, being a variety of different consensus mechanisms, is also examined. The eventual principle behind blockchain is that all the participants in the network hold the exact same information. If there appears a desire to change this information, the network has to come to an agreement, or consensus. This is why the existing information is extremely challenging to alter, which is one of the greatest benefits of the blockchain. Consensus can be reached in different ways, there being a variety of different consensus mechanisms. Proof-of-work and proof-of-stake are examples of those mechanisms. There are great differences between these mechanisms, and for example, the proof-of-work mechanism behind Bitcoin is the reason for its globally remarkable electricity usage.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Riitta Pitk\u00e4nen (rpitkane@jyu.fi) on 2018-06-29T07:57:09Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T07:57:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2018", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "31", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "lohkoketju", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "konsensus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kryptovaluutta", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "bitcoin", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ethereum", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Lohkoketjuteknologiasta ja sen konsensusmekanismeista", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "bachelor thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201806293416", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Bachelor's thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Kandidaatinty\u00f6", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Informaatioteknologian tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Information Technology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Informaatioteknologia", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Information Technology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Tietoj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4tiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Information Systems Science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "bachelorThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "601", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "maksutavat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "s\u00e4hk\u00f6inen raha", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sovellukset (tietotekniikka)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}]
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