Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators

Muovisia tuikeilmaisimia käytetään laajasti säteilyvalvonnassa sekä teollisuudessa että rajavalvonnassa. Niiden suhteellisen matalat materiaalikustannukset, massatuotantokyky, tuikemateriaalin nopeus sekä suuret koot mahdollistavat nopean käyttöönoton ja korkeat havaitsemistehokkuudet. Tämän takia n...

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Main Author: Virkki, Olli
Other Authors: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Fysiikan laitos, Department of Physics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/58661
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author Virkki, Olli
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Virkki, Olli Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Virkki, Olli Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Virkki, Olli
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description Muovisia tuikeilmaisimia käytetään laajasti säteilyvalvonnassa sekä teollisuudessa että rajavalvonnassa. Niiden suhteellisen matalat materiaalikustannukset, massatuotantokyky, tuikemateriaalin nopeus sekä suuret koot mahdollistavat nopean käyttöönoton ja korkeat havaitsemistehokkuudet. Tämän takia niitä käytetään lähes jokaisella säteilymonitorointiasemalla. Muovisilla tuikeilmaisimilla on vaikeuksia tunnistaa eri säteilylähteitä, jonka takia niitä on käytetty aiemmin pääasiassa säteilyä havaitsevina laskureina. Teollisuudessa ja lääketieteessä käytettävien säteilylähteiden kysynnän kasvaessa riski säteilylähteiden sopimattomaan ja huolimattomaan käyttöön kasvaa. Normaalissa liikenteessä kulkee myös paljon luonnon radioaktiivisia aineita (NORM) sisältäviä lähteitä, jotka eivät vaadi tutkinnallisia jatkotoimenpiteitä. Jotta ylimääräinen työ saataisiin minimoitua kuitenkin pitäen säteilyvalvonnan taso korkealla, säteilylähdetunnistusta on tutkittu ja sovellettu muovisillekin tuikeilmaisimille. Tämä pro-gradu tutkielma pyrkii avartamaan muovisten tuikeilmaisimien toimintaa operatiivisesta näkökulmasta. Tutkielmassa esitellään ja kokeillaan käytännössä nukliditunnistusta edistäviä analysointeja sekä erilaisia karakterisointimenetelmiä muovin toimintakyvyn tarkastelemiseksi. Nämä metodit voidaan suorittaa kenttäolosuhteissa ja on sovellettavissa muovisiin ja muunlaisiin tuikeilmaisimiin kentällä ja laboratoriossa. Plastic scintillators (PS) are widely used as radiation monitors in industry and border control. Besides being a fast scintillation material, the low material cost, efficient bulk production and high sensitivity due to big sizes have made PSs a foundation of most radiation monitors as they are fast and cheap to deploy and efficient detectors. Due to their limited capabilities to distinguish different radiation sources, in the past they were mainly used as rough counters only to detect radiation. The increasing demand for different radioactive materials in industry and medical field increase the risk of illicit and inadvertent use or radiation sources. As a counterpart, the abundant naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in most cases do not require further investigation. Minimizing unnecessary workload while keeping the radiation monitoring efficient gives rise to the need of radiation source identification methods. The goal of this Master's thesis is to offer insight for plastic scintillators from an operational viewpoint. Possible next-generation operation modes for more precise radiation monitoring as well as different characterization methods to probe the functionality of a plastic scintillator are presented and tested in practice. The methods can be executed in on-field conditions and are applicable for plastic and other scintillation materials used in both operational and laboratory purposes.
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spellingShingle Virkki, Olli Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators scintillator operative Fysiikka Physics 4021 monitorointi säteily spektroskopia gammasäteily ilmaisimet sironta radioaktiivinen säteily spektrit monitoring radiation spectroscopy gamma radiation detectors scattering (physics) radioactive radiation spectra
title Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
title_full Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
title_fullStr Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
title_full_unstemmed Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
title_short Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
title_sort distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
title_txtP Distinguishing different radioactive sources with operative plastic scintillators
topic scintillator operative Fysiikka Physics 4021 monitorointi säteily spektroskopia gammasäteily ilmaisimet sironta radioaktiivinen säteily spektrit monitoring radiation spectroscopy gamma radiation detectors scattering (physics) radioactive radiation spectra
topic_facet 4021 Fysiikka Physics detectors gamma radiation gammasäteily ilmaisimet monitoring monitorointi operative radiation radioactive radiation radioaktiivinen säteily scattering (physics) scintillator sironta spectra spectroscopy spektrit spektroskopia säteily
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/58661 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201806203290
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