"Make America Great Again" a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017

Tässä pro gradu –työssä tavoitteena on kuvata ja selittää Yhdysvaltojen 45:nnen presidentin, Donald Trumpin poliittista retoriikkaa hänen presidentinvaalien sekä presidenttikauden aikaisia puheitaan analysoimalla. Aihetta tutkittiin dramatistisen teorian tarjoamien pääkäsitteiden kautta ja se toteut...

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Main Author: Lahti, Yannick
Other Authors: Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos, Department of Language and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän yliopisto
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2018
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/57730
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author Lahti, Yannick
author2 Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_facet Lahti, Yannick Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto Lahti, Yannick Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
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description Tässä pro gradu –työssä tavoitteena on kuvata ja selittää Yhdysvaltojen 45:nnen presidentin, Donald Trumpin poliittista retoriikkaa hänen presidentinvaalien sekä presidenttikauden aikaisia puheitaan analysoimalla. Aihetta tutkittiin dramatistisen teorian tarjoamien pääkäsitteiden kautta ja se toteutettiin tekstipohjaisena retorisena analyysinä. Analyysistä saatuja tuloksia peilattiin tulosten pohdintavaiheessa dramatistisen teoriataustan lisäksi myös yleiseen poliittiseen viestintään, presidentti-ja kampanjaretoriikkaan sekä populismiin. Tutkielman aineisto koostui kuudesta Donald Trumpin pitämästä virallisesta puheesta ajalta 31.8.2016-28.2.2017. Tulosten perusteella voidaan systemaattisesti osoittaa, että Donald Trumpin retoriikka ei muutu merkittävällä tavalla hänen asemansa vaihtuessa presidenttiehdokkaasta Yhdysvaltojen presidentiksi. Tuloksia tarkasteltaessa kyetään syventymään puheiden välisiin vivahde-eroihin ja selittämään niiden syitä muun muassa presidentti-instituutioon sekä kampanjaviestintään liittyvillä tekijöillä. Tulokset osoittavat, että Trumpin retoriikka sekä ehdokkaana että presidenttinä koostuu kokonaisvaltaisesta Yhdysvaltojen sekä sen kansalaisten väistämätöntä perikatoa kuvaavasta tilasta, jonka ainoaksi pelastukseksi esitetään Trumpin toimiminen maan presidenttinä. Tulokset havainnollistavat Trumpin viestivän teknisesti yksiselitteistä retoriikkaa, joka muodostuu syklisestä toisten osapuolten syyttämisestä sekä itsekritiikin puutteesta. Tulosten perusteella voidaan myös päätellä Donald Trumpin ajamien poliittisten korjausliikkeiden olevan sisällöltään onttoja sekä harhaanjohtavia, sillä hän ei tarjoa konkreettisia keinoja esittämiensä ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi. Tulokset paljastavat myös syvällisemmin sen, kuinka Trumpin näennäisesti yksinkertainen retoriikka muodostuu sana- ja lausetarkkuudella, sekä millä retorisilla tehokeinoilla hän yhdistää oman identiteettinsä sekä kohtalonsa Yhdysvaltojen sekä sen kansalaisten kohtaloon, monitulkintaisemman kokonaisuuden kautta. Tutkimustulokset tuottavat uutta sekä arvokasta tietoa siitä, kuinka niin Donald Trumpin kuin yleisesti populistiksi määriteltävän poliitikon retoriikka voi rakentua, ja on purettavissa osiin, konkreettisten sekä paljastavien retoristen analysointikäsitteiden kautta tarkasteltavaksi. Tulokset lisäävät ymmärrystämme kansainvälisellä tasolla tästä yhteiskunnallisesti merkittävästä ilmiöstä, joka manifestoituu poliittisen retoriikan sekä viestinnän kautta populismina, niin Yhdysvalloissa kuin meillä Euroopassakin. The objective of this study is to describe and explain the rhetoric of the 45th US president Donald Trump, both in his campaign and presidential speeches. The rhetoric of Trump is approached through Kenneth Burke’s theory of dramatism with the use of all its key concepts. The method of analysis is conducted as a textual rhetorical analysis and the obtained results are discussed in relation to the theory of dramatism, but also to political communication in general, presidential rhetoric, campaign communication and populism. The selected data for this study consists of six different speeches given by Donald Trump during 31.8.2016 – 28.2.2017. The results systematically indicate that the rhetoric of Donald Trump does not change in a consequential way as his status changes from a campaigning presidential candidate to the president of the United States of America. Through the obtained results we are able to observe and explain in detail the nuances between the different campaign and presidential speeches. In addition, we are able to explain some of these differences for example through the institutional requirements of the presidency and factors which are related to campaign communication. Based on the results, both Donald Trump’s campaign and presidential rhetoric is formed by describing an encompassing state of ruin and destruction of the USA and its people, to which the only deliverance is Trump’s own presidency. The results of this study demonstrate that Trump technically communicates rhetoric which is unambiguous and simultaneously composed of the cyclical blaming of others, whilst lacking any indications of self-criticism. In addition, based on the results we are able to deduce that the political solutions proposed by Donald Trump are hollow in substance and thus misleading as he does not offer concrete means in order to execute them. The results also elucidate in detail how Trump’s apparently unambiguous rhetoric is being constructed word-for-word and by which rhetorical devices he emerges his own identity and faith with the ones of the USA and its people. The results provide new and valuable information about how Donald Trump’s, but also in general the rhetoric of a politician defined as a populist can be both constructed and dismantled, in order to be observed and studied through the concrete and revealing concepts of rhetorical analysis. The results increase our knowledge and understanding on an international level about this current phenomenon, which manifests itself through political communication and rhetoric as populism – here in Europe as well as in the United States of America.
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Aihetta tutkittiin dramatistisen teorian tarjoamien p\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4sitteiden kautta ja se toteutettiin tekstipohjaisena retorisena analyysin\u00e4. Analyysist\u00e4 saatuja tuloksia peilattiin tulosten pohdintavaiheessa dramatistisen teoriataustan lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s yleiseen poliittiseen viestint\u00e4\u00e4n, presidentti-ja kampanjaretoriikkaan sek\u00e4 populismiin. Tutkielman aineisto koostui kuudesta Donald Trumpin pit\u00e4m\u00e4st\u00e4 virallisesta puheesta ajalta 31.8.2016-28.2.2017. \r\n\r\nTulosten perusteella voidaan systemaattisesti osoittaa, ett\u00e4 Donald Trumpin retoriikka ei muutu merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavalla h\u00e4nen asemansa vaihtuessa presidenttiehdokkaasta Yhdysvaltojen presidentiksi. Tuloksia tarkasteltaessa kyet\u00e4\u00e4n syventym\u00e4\u00e4n puheiden v\u00e4lisiin vivahde-eroihin ja selitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n niiden syit\u00e4 muun muassa presidentti-instituutioon sek\u00e4 kampanjaviestint\u00e4\u00e4n liittyvill\u00e4 tekij\u00f6ill\u00e4.\r\n\r\nTulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 Trumpin retoriikka sek\u00e4 ehdokkaana ett\u00e4 presidenttin\u00e4 koostuu kokonaisvaltaisesta Yhdysvaltojen sek\u00e4 sen kansalaisten v\u00e4ist\u00e4m\u00e4t\u00f6nt\u00e4 perikatoa kuvaavasta tilasta, jonka ainoaksi pelastukseksi esitet\u00e4\u00e4n Trumpin toimiminen maan presidenttin\u00e4. Tulokset havainnollistavat Trumpin viestiv\u00e4n teknisesti yksiselitteist\u00e4 retoriikkaa, joka muodostuu syklisest\u00e4 toisten osapuolten syytt\u00e4misest\u00e4 sek\u00e4 itsekritiikin puutteesta. 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The selected data for this study consists of six different speeches given by Donald Trump during 31.8.2016 \u2013 28.2.2017.\r\n\r\nThe results systematically indicate that the rhetoric of Donald Trump does not change in a consequential way as his status changes from a campaigning presidential candidate to the president of the United States of America. Through the obtained results we are able to observe and explain in detail the nuances between the different campaign and presidential speeches. In addition, we are able to explain some of these differences for example through the institutional requirements of the presidency and factors which are related to campaign communication. Based on the results, both Donald Trump\u2019s campaign and presidential rhetoric is formed by describing an encompassing state of ruin and destruction of the USA and its people, to which the only deliverance is Trump\u2019s own presidency. 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spellingShingle Lahti, Yannick "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017 Trump, Donald Puheviestintä Speech Communication 3132 2010-luku presidentit retoriikka poliittinen viestintä populismi
title "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
title_alt Rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
title_full "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
title_fullStr "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017 "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
title_full_unstemmed "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017 "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
title_short "Make America Great Again"
title_sort make america great again a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by donald trump in 2016 2017
title_sub a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
title_txtP "Make America Great Again" : a rhetorical analysis of campaign and presidential speeches by Donald Trump in 2016-2017
topic Trump, Donald Puheviestintä Speech Communication 3132 2010-luku presidentit retoriikka poliittinen viestintä populismi
topic_facet 2010-luku 3132 Puheviestintä Speech Communication Trump, Donald poliittinen viestintä populismi presidentit retoriikka
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/57730 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201804232339
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