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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Pihko, Petri", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Siitonen, Juha", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Taskinen, Elina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2018-04-10T12:05:56Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2018-04-10T12:05:56Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2018", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/57537", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Karbokationit ovat orgaanisia molekyylej\u00e4, joissa on positiivisesti varautunut hiiliatomi. Hybridisaatioteoria selitt\u00e4\u00e4 karbokationien luonnetta ja kolmiulotteista rakennetta keskushiilen sp2-hybridisaatiolla, jossa hiiliatomin hybridisoitumaton p-orbitaali levitt\u00e4ytyy kolmen hybridiorbitaalin muodostaman tason yl\u00e4- ja alapuolille. Hybridisoitumaton porbitaali ei kuitenkaan ole t\u00e4ysin eristyksiss\u00e4 hybridisoituneista sidosorbitaaleista vaan se vastaanottaa helposti elektronitiheytt\u00e4 keskushiileen sitoutuneilta substituenteilta. Mit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n substituentit luovuttavat elektronitiheytt\u00e4 positiivisesti varautuneelle hiiliatomille, sit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n elektronitiheytt\u00e4 siirtyy my\u00f6s hybridisoitumattomalle porbitaalille stabiloittaen karbokationia. N\u00e4in ollen karbokationien reaktiivisuuteen voidaan vaikuttaa huomattavasti muokkaamalla sp2- hybridisoituneeseen hiileen sitoutuvia substituentteja. \n \nKarbokationien tyhj\u00e4 p\u2013orbitaali voi vastaanottaa elektronitiheytt\u00e4 my\u00f6s muilta molekyyleilt\u00e4. Karbokationit ovatkin Lewis-em\u00e4ksi\u00e4, joita voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 katalyyttein\u00e4 kemiallisissa reaktioissa aktivoimaan elektrofiilej\u00e4 nukleofiilien hy\u00f6kk\u00e4yksille. \n \nKandidaatintutkielmani kirjallisessa osassa k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4pi karbokationien reaktiivisuuteen vaikuttavia tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 sek\u00e4 tarkastellaan karbokationien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 katalyyttein\u00e4 tunnetuissa kemiallisissa reaktioissa. Kokeellisessa osassa puolestaan syntetisoitiin trifenyylimetylium tetrafluoroboraattia vastaavaa bromidia sek\u00e4 kahta metoksifenyylisubstituoitua karbokationia, (4-metoksifenyyli)difenyylimetylium fluoroboraattia ja tris(4metoksifenyyli)metylium tetrafluoroboraattia. K\u00e4ytetyt synteesireitit pohjautuivat p\u00e4\u00e4osin aikaisemmin kirjallisuudessa kuvailtuihin reitteihin, joita kuitenkin muokattiin tutkimuksen edellytt\u00e4mill\u00e4 tavoilla.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Elina Taskinen (elkatask) on 2018-04-10 12:05:55.539475. Form: Kandidaatintutkielma -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/kandin-tutkielma-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2018-04-10T12:05:56Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201804101993.pdf: 1560406 bytes, checksum: 3753a55cca9a2bb506c8c3f47f702583 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4812 bytes, checksum: 7fd9a1ef222e70e9e2baed45dc0c0c7e (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T12:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201804101993.pdf: 1560406 bytes, checksum: 3753a55cca9a2bb506c8c3f47f702583 (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4812 bytes, checksum: 7fd9a1ef222e70e9e2baed45dc0c0c7e (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2018", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "58", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "karbokationit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "katalyytit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "katalyysi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "orgaaninen kemia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Fenyyli-ja metoksifenyylisubstituoidut karbokationit katalyyttein\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "bachelor thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201804101993", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Kandidaatintutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Bachelor's thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Orgaaninen kemia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2018-04-10T12:05:56Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "bachelorThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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