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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Merisalo, Outi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4, Kaisu", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-12-21T16:17:34Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-12-21T16:17:34Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2017", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1809777", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/56530", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkielma tarkastelee puhuttelumuotojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4 suomen-, ruotsin-, englannin- ja ranskankielisiss\u00e4 Muumi-sarjakuvissa. Tutkimuksen kohteena ovat eri puhuttelusubstantiivit ja niihin liittyv\u00e4t paralingvistiset keinot. Aineisto koostuu ensimm\u00e4isest\u00e4 englantilaiselle The Evening News -sanomalehdelle julkaistusta Muumi-sarjakuvasta ja sen englannin-, ranskan- ja suomenkielisist\u00e4 k\u00e4\u00e4nn\u00f6ksist\u00e4. Vaikka Muumi-sarjakuvat julkaistiin ensiksi englanniksi, Tove Jansson kirjoitti ne ruotsiksi, ja h\u00e4nen veljens\u00e4 Lars, joka my\u00f6hemmin otti sarjakuvien tekemisen kokonaan vastuulleen, k\u00e4\u00e4nsi ne englanniksi. Englannin- ja suomenkieliset alakorpukset on k\u00e4\u00e4nnetty ruotsista, kun taas ranskankielinen alakorpus on k\u00e4\u00e4nnetty englannista. \r\n\r\nAnalyysissa ruotsinkielisen alakorpuksen 45, suomenkielisen 36, englanninkielisen 56 ja ranskankielisen 53 puhuttelusubstantiivia on jaettu viiteen luokkaan: 1) erisnimet, 2) herra-, rouva- ja neiti-tyyppiset tittelit, 3) erilaisia ihmissuhteita kuvaavat termit, 4) hellittelynimet ja 5) haukkumanimet. Paralingvistiset keinot on jaettu kahteen luokkaan niiden kirjallisen ilmaisutavan mukaan: 1) v\u00e4limerkit ja 2) typografiset keinot.\r\n\r\nTutkimus osoittaa, ett\u00e4 puhuttelusubstantiivien ja erityisesti typografisin keinoin v\u00e4litettyjen paralingvististen keinojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on tavallisinta englanninkielisess\u00e4 alakorpuksessa. Suomenkielisess\u00e4 alakorpuksessa puhuttelusubstantiivien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 taas on v\u00e4h\u00e4isint\u00e4. Erona ruotsin ja ranskan kielen puhutteluk\u00e4yt\u00e4nt\u00f6ihin englannin kieless\u00e4 puhuttelusubstantiivien ja muiden puhuttelumuotojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on yleisemp\u00e4\u00e4, koska se k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 vain yht\u00e4 puhuttelupronominia yksik\u00f6n ja monikon toisessa persoonassa (you); suomen kieless\u00e4 niiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 taas on rajattu melkein yksinomaan tilanteisiin, joissa puhuteltavalta vaaditaan jonkinlaista reaktiota. N\u00e4m\u00e4 ominaispiirteet voivat selitt\u00e4\u00e4 erot eri alakorpuksien v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Puhuttelusubstantiiveista yleisimpi\u00e4 kaikissa alakorpuksissa olivat erisnimet, varsinkin etunimet. Paralingvistisi\u00e4 keinoja k\u00e4ytettiin korostamaan puhujan tunnetilaa ja tunteiden voimakkuutta. V\u00e4limerkkej\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin monipuolisemmin englannin- ja ranskankielisiss\u00e4 kuin ruotsin- ja suomenkielisiss\u00e4 alakorpuksissa. Tavallisin v\u00e4limerkki oli huutomerkki. Typografisista keinoista yleisin oli keskisuuren tai suuren fontin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6; useimmiten k\u00e4ytettiin monia keinoja yht\u00e4 aikaa. Englanninkielinen alakorpus k\u00e4ytti huomattavasti enemm\u00e4n typografisia keinoja puhuttelusubstantiivien yhteydess\u00e4; muut k\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t niit\u00e4 hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4n. \r\n\r\nVoidaan kokoavasti todeta, ett\u00e4 vaikka aineisto ei vastaa autenttista kielenk\u00e4ytt\u00f6tilannetta, puhuttelusubstantiivien ja paralingvististen keinojen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 alakorpuksissa heijastelee jokaisen kielen ominaispiirteit\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Kaisu Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4 (kahakasy) on 2017-12-21 16:17:34.194781. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-12-21T16:17:34Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201712214864.docx: 405797 bytes, checksum: b75b17c0688d6bad3f689cb7f8f4165f (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4910 bytes, checksum: acc5ef11ed048c933bc54784a18d2d94 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T16:17:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201712214864.docx: 405797 bytes, checksum: b75b17c0688d6bad3f689cb7f8f4165f (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4910 bytes, checksum: acc5ef11ed048c933bc54784a18d2d94 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2017", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (83 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fra", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "puhuttelumuodot", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "paralingvistiikka", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kontrastiivinen tutkimus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ruotsin kieli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "suomen kieli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ranskan kieli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "englannin kieli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Muumit", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Les formes d'adresse des bandes dessine\u0301es Moomin dans un corpus compose\u0301 d'un original sue\u0301dois et des versions anglaise, franc\u0327aise et finnoise", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201712214864", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities and Social 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