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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Palonen, Kari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ojakangas, Mika", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Mutanen, Hanna", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2017-09-27T12:38:49Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2017-09-27T12:38:49Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1725359", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/55470", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielma k\u00e4sittelee V\u00e4limeren paperittomia siirtolaisia Italian politiikassa vuosina 2002\u20132011. Tutkimuksen teoreettisena l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtana on Italian senaatin t\u00e4ysistunnoissa k\u00e4yt\u00e4vien keskustelujen retorinen analyysi, jonka muodostamisessa hy\u00f6dynn\u00e4n erityisesti Cha\u00efm Perelmanin argumentaatioanalyysia sek\u00e4 diskurssitutkija Teun A. van Dijkin n\u00e4kemyksi\u00e4 k\u00e4ytetyimmist\u00e4 topoksista siirtolaisaiheisissa parlamenttidebateissa. Topos-retorinen luenta helpottaa k\u00e4ytetyimpien argumenttien j\u00e4sentely\u00e4.\r\n\r\nSenaatissa k\u00e4ytyjen keskustelujen kronologinen tarkastelu mahdollistaa niiden kytkemisen laajempaan kontekstiinsa. Merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4t kontekstit k\u00e4ytetylle kielelle ovat ajanjakson aikana yh\u00e4 tiukentuvat lakimuutokset sek\u00e4 Italian ja Libyan kahdenv\u00e4liset sopimukset, mill\u00e4 pyrittiin rajoittamaan siirtolaisten p\u00e4\u00e4sy\u00e4 Italiaan. Erityisesti ihmisoikeusj\u00e4rjest\u00f6t osoittivat laajaa kritiikki\u00e4 Italialle, koska siirtolaisten palautusten Libyaan n\u00e4htiin rikkovan YK:n pakolaisten oikeusasemaa koskevaan yleissopimukseen vuonna 1951 kirjattua palauttamiskiellon (non-refoulement) periaatetta.\r\n\r\nKeskusteluissa ja k\u00e4ytetyss\u00e4 retoriikassa on ilmeist\u00e4 selke\u00e4 kahtiajako, koska Italian puoluekoalitioilla on julkilausutut n\u00e4kemyserot siirtolaisuuteen. Keskusta-vasemmistokoalitio edustaa maltillisempaa ja solidaarisempaa suhtautumista ja korostaa retoriikassaan siirtolaisten ihmisoikeuksia sek\u00e4 siirtolaisia resurssina Italian yhteiskunnalle ty\u00f6voiman kautta. Keskusta-oikeisto-koalitio n\u00e4kee sen sijaan siirtolaisuuden uhkana Italian sis\u00e4iselle turvallisuudelle, taloudelle ja yhtenev\u00e4isyydelle, mill\u00e4 perustellaan tiukentuvaa politiikkaa. Molempia koalitioita kuitenkin yhdist\u00e4\u00e4 n\u00e4kemys siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 V\u00e4limeren kautta tulevat siirtolaisvirrat johtuvat Italian maantieteellisest\u00e4 sijainnista ja Pohjois-Afrikan l\u00e4heisyydest\u00e4, mink\u00e4 johdosta koalitiot vaativat Euroopan unionilta taakanjakoa ilmi\u00f6n hallitsemiseksi.\r\n\r\nHuolimatta koalitoiden retorisista eroavaisuuksista, Italian maahanmuuttopolitiikkaa kuvaa tietynlainen jatkuvuus konkreettisissa maahanmuuttopoliittisissa toimissa riippumatta siit\u00e4, mik\u00e4 koalitio on voittanut vaalit. Molempien koalitioiden hallituskausilla on pyritty sek\u00e4 rajoittamaan siirtolaisuutta ett\u00e4 toisaalta rekister\u00f6ity satoja tuhansia siirtolaisia. Keskusteluissa k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4nkin selke\u00e4\u00e4 politikointia \u2013 siirtolaiskysymyksest\u00e4 on tullut Italiassa vahva taktinen v\u00e4line, joka nousee esille etenkin vaaleissa. Kaikista eniten tilannetta on hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4nyt oikeistopopulistinen puolue Lega Nord, joka on toisinaan kehottanut pit\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n siirtolaiset poissa Italian rannikoilta asein.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Hanna Mutanen (halemuta) on 2017-09-27 12:38:48.840353. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2017-09-27T12:38:49Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709273860.pdf: 1146349 bytes, checksum: c4316f3049683bf36bdc30d81c6a987a (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4875 bytes, checksum: 08901f47a28d7b0280c1aad39cc60cd0 (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T12:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201709273860.pdf: 1146349 bytes, checksum: c4316f3049683bf36bdc30d81c6a987a (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4875 bytes, checksum: 08901f47a28d7b0280c1aad39cc60cd0 (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (97 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Italia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "V\u00e4limeri", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "siirtolaisuus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "retoriikka", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "parlamentti", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "senaatti", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ihmisoikeudet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "\"Toivon tiest\u00e4 tulee tie helvettiin\" : V\u00e4limeren paperittomat siirtolaiset kiistakysymyksen\u00e4 Italian politiikassa", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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